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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Single-Port Robotic-assisted Transaxillary Breast-conserving Surgery: A Prospective, Single-arm, Non-randomized Phase IIa Clinical Trial
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Single-Port Robotic-assisted Transaxillary Breast-conserving Surgery: A Prospective, Single-arm, Non-randomized Phase IIa Clinical Trial

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Axillary reverse mapping for breast cancer.

Masakuni Noguchi1

  • 1Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Kanazawa Medical University Hospital, Uchinada-daigaku 1-1, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan. nogumasa@kanazawa-med.ac.jp

Breast Cancer Research and Treatment
|October 21, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Omission of axillary dissection in patients with microscopic residual nodal disease after neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

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Periarterial or perivenous invasion is an independent indicator of lymph node metastasis in invasive breast carcinoma of no special type.

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The involvement of axillary reverse mapping nodes in patients with node-positive breast cancer.

European journal of surgical oncology : the journal of the European Society of Surgical Oncology and the British Association of Surgical Oncology·2023

The axillary reverse mapping (ARM) technique aims to reduce arm lymphedema after breast cancer surgery. Current methods have limitations, and further research is needed to establish its effectiveness and safety as a standard procedure.

Area of Science:

  • Surgical Oncology
  • Lymphedema Management
  • Breast Cancer Treatment

Background:

  • Axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) and sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLN) are standard breast cancer procedures.
  • These procedures can disrupt arm lymphatic drainage, leading to lymphedema.
  • The axillary reverse mapping (ARM) technique was developed to identify and preserve arm lymphatic pathways.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge on the axillary reverse mapping (ARM) technique.
  • To discuss the practical applicability and limitations of ARM in breast cancer surgery.
  • To evaluate the potential of ARM in minimizing arm lymphedema.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on ARM technique and its application.
  • Analysis of identification rates of ARM nodes using different imaging modalities (blue dye, radioisotopes, fluorescence imaging).

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  • Discussion of potential drawbacks, including metastatic involvement of ARM nodes and overlap with SLNs.

    • Main Results:

    • Blue dye alone showed insufficient identification rates for ARM nodes.
    • Radioisotopes improved identification but lack visual mapping capabilities.
    • Fluorescence imaging shows promise for enhanced identification of ARM nodes and lymphatics.
    • Potential for ARM nodes to harbor metastases and overlap with breast SLNs are significant concerns.

    Conclusions:

    • The success of ARM in reducing lymphedema remains undetermined.
    • Current identification methods have limitations, requiring further refinement.
    • Significant drawbacks exist, necessitating further studies before ARM can be a standard surgical procedure for breast cancer.