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Related Concept Videos

Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Immunomodulatory Agents01:29

Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Immunomodulatory Agents

Crohn's disease is an inflammatory bowel disorder marked by chronic inflammation of the GI tract. Various treatment strategies for Crohn's disease are employed, such as immunomodulatory agents, glucocorticoids, and biologics or anti-TNF therapy. Azathioprine (Imuran), a commonly used immunomodulatory drug for Crohn's disease, is converted in the body to mercaptopurine, which inhibits purine biosynthesis and cell proliferation. Both are utilized in severe cases of Inflammatory Bowel Disease...
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Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Glucocorticoids

Glucocorticoids, a class of anti-inflammatory drugs, are pivotal in treating moderate to severe Crohn's disease by inducing remission. They exhibit their anti-inflammatory action by inhibiting the production of inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1, and chemokines like IL-8. In addition, they reduce the expression of inflammatory cell adhesion molecules and inhibit gene transcription of nitric oxide synthase, phospholipase A2, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2),...
Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Biologic Agents: Anti-TNF01:24

Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Biologic Agents: Anti-TNF

Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF), a proinflammatory cytokine, contributes significantly to the inflammation seen in Crohn's disease. It exists as soluble TNF and membrane-bound TNF, with actions mediated through TNF receptors (TNFR). TNFR activation leads to the release of proinflammatory cytokines, T-cell activation, collagen production, and leukocyte migration, all contributing to inflammation in Crohn's disease. Anti-TNF monoclonal antibodies, namely infliximab (Remicade), adalimumab (Humira),...
Drug Accumulation During Multiple Dosing: Intermittent IV Infusions01:24

Drug Accumulation During Multiple Dosing: Intermittent IV Infusions

Intermittent intravenous (IV) infusion is a method of drug administration where medications are delivered over short infusion periods followed by intervals of no drug delivery. This approach helps to prevent sustained high drug concentrations in the bloodstream, reducing the risk of adverse effects associated with prolonged exposure. Unlike continuous infusion, steady-state concentrations may not be achieved during a single dosing cycle but can be reached through repeated...
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Extracorporeal Removal of Drugs: Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Quantification of the Immunosuppressant Tacrolimus on Dried Blood Spots Using LC-MS/MS
08:38

Quantification of the Immunosuppressant Tacrolimus on Dried Blood Spots Using LC-MS/MS

Published on: November 8, 2015

Sirolimus monotherapy as maintenance immunosuppression: a multicenter experience.

José R Pinto1, Edgar M Arellano Torres, Antonio Franco

  • 1Department of Nephrology, Hospital Curry Cabral, Lisboa, Portugal.

Transplant International : Official Journal of the European Society for Organ Transplantation
|October 22, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Sirolimus (SRL) monotherapy is a safe and feasible long-term immunosuppression option for kidney transplant patients, showing low acute rejection rates and good graft survival. This approach is suitable for selected patients, minimizing immunosuppression without significantly increasing late rejection risks.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Quantification of the Immunosuppressant Tacrolimus on Dried Blood Spots Using LC-MS/MS
08:38

Quantification of the Immunosuppressant Tacrolimus on Dried Blood Spots Using LC-MS/MS

Published on: November 8, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Transplantation Immunology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Minimizing immunosuppression is crucial in kidney transplantation to reduce side effects and improve long-term outcomes.
  • Sirolimus (SRL) is an mTOR inhibitor with immunosuppressive properties, often used in combination therapy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To retrospectively evaluate the safety and feasibility of sirolimus (SRL) monotherapy in kidney transplant recipients.
  • To assess long-term outcomes, including acute rejection, graft survival, and patient survival, under SRL monotherapy.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 138 kidney transplant recipients on SRL monotherapy for over 1 month.
  • Inclusion criteria: patients >18 years, minimum 6 months follow-up.
  • Data analyzed included time to monotherapy, reasons for use, rejection rates, survival, SRL levels, renal function, and adverse events.

Main Results:

  • Low acute rejection rate of 1.4% at 12 months.
  • Graft survival was 94.2% and patient survival was 97.1% at mean follow-up of 29.4 months.
  • No significant changes in renal function, lipids, glucose, or hemoglobin; 14% withdrawal rate.

Conclusions:

  • Sirolimus (SRL) monotherapy is a suitable long-term immunosuppression strategy for selected kidney transplant recipients.
  • It demonstrates acceptable safety and feasibility with a low risk of late acute rejection.
  • Further research may explore optimal patient selection and long-term monitoring protocols.