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Hyperglycemia

Hyperglycemia

Hyperglycemia is an abnormally high blood glucose level. It is diagnosed by fasting glucose ≥126 mg/dL, 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test (or OGTT) ≥200 mg/dL, random glucose ≥200 mg/dL with symptoms, or HbA1c ≥6.5%. However, HbA1c results may be unreliable in certain conditions, such as anemia or hemoglobinopathies, and the diagnosis should be confirmed unless classic symptoms are present. Postprandial hyperglycemia is typically considered significant when glucose levels exceed 180 mg/dL two...

Type II Diabetes Mellitus III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis

Type II Diabetes Mellitus III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis

Type 2 diabetes mellitus develops gradually and is often asymptomatic in early stages.Clinical ManifestationsWhen symptoms appear, they include fatigue, blurred vision, pruritus, delayed wound healing, and recurrent infections, particularly candidal infections. Peripheral neuropathy may present as numbness or tingling in the extremities. Classic hyperglycemia symptoms—polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia—are less common. Most patients are overweight and frequently have associated hypertension...

Hypoglycemia and Glucagon

Hypoglycemia and Glucagon

Without prolonged fasting, healthy individuals maintain blood glucose levels above 3.5 mM due to a well-adapted neuroendocrine counterregulatory system that effectively prevents acute hypoglycemia, a potentially life-threatening condition. The primary clinical scenarios for hypoglycemia encompass diabetes treatment, inappropriate production of endogenous insulin or insulin-like substances by tumors, and the use of glucose-lowering agents in non-diabetic individuals. Notably, hypoglycemia in the...

Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications

Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications

For most patients, experiencing several weeks of polyuria, polydipsia, fatigue, and significant weight loss may indicate the presence of diabetes. Furthermore, adults displaying the phenotypic appearance of type 2 diabetes (particularly those who are obese and not initially insulin-requiring), may have islet cell autoantibodies, suggesting autoimmune-mediated β cell destruction and a diagnosis of latent autoimmune diabetes of adults (LADA). The categorization of glucose homeostasis is based on...

Hypoglycemia

Hypoglycemia

Hypoglycemia is a blood glucose level below 70 mg/dL. It commonly occurs in individuals using insulin or insulin-secreting drugs, but may also arise in non-diabetic conditions. People with type 1 diabetes are at the highest risk because they depend on exogenous insulin. People with type 2 diabetes are also at risk, especially when treated with insulin or medications such as sulfonylureas, which increase insulin release regardless of blood glucose levels. It develops when insulin levels exceed...

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational

Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...

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Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital

Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital

Published on: June 11, 2012

A cost-effective screening method for preoperative hyperglycemia.

Sasha Grek¹, Nikolaus Gravenstein, Timothy E Morey

¹Department of Anesthesiology, University of FloridaCollege of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida 32610-0254, USA.

Anesthesia and Analgesia

|October 22, 2009

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Preoperative screening using residual IV needle blood offers a cost-effective method for identifying undiagnosed diabetes. This approach identifies patients with elevated glucose levels efficiently.

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Hyperglycemic Clamp and Hypoglycemic Clamp in Conscious Mice

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Last Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital

Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital

Published on: June 11, 2012

Hyperglycemic Clamp and Hypoglycemic Clamp in Conscious Mice

Hyperglycemic Clamp and Hypoglycemic Clamp in Conscious Mice

Published on: January 26, 2024

Area of Science:

Clinical Chemistry
Point-of-Care Testing
Diabetes Mellitus Screening

Background:

The preoperative period presents a valuable opportunity for cost-effective diabetes screening.
Early detection of diabetes is crucial for preventing long-term complications.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the feasibility and cost-effectiveness of using residual blood from IV needles for preoperative diabetes screening.

Main Methods:

A total of 347 fasting patients undergoing preoperative procedures had their blood glucose measured.
Glucose levels were determined using an Accu-Chek glucometer on blood residue from IV needles.

Main Results:

Excluding patients with a known diabetes history, 4.0% had glucose levels between 100-125 mg/dL ($14.22/identification).
1.2% of patients had glucose levels >125 mg/dL ($32.00/identification).

Conclusions:

Preoperative blood glucose screening via IV needle residue is a highly cost-effective method.
This screening strategy is approximately one-tenth the cost of current diabetes screening methods.