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Related Concept Videos

MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...
MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...
Neurulation01:30

Neurulation

Neurulation is the embryological process which forms the precursors of the central nervous system and occurs after gastrulation has established the three primary cell layers of the embryo: ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. In humans, the majority of this system is formed via primary neurulation, in which the central portion of the ectoderm—originally appearing as a flat sheet of cells—folds upwards and inwards, sealing off to form a hollow neural tube. As development proceeds, the anterior...

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Hypoxia Alters miRNAs Levels Involved in Non-Mendelian Inheritance of Autism Spectrum Disorder in Mice
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MicroRNAs in brain development and physiology.

Marion Coolen1, Laure Bally-Cuif

  • 1Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Department of Zebrafish Neurogenetics, Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany. marion.coolen@helmholtz-muenchen.de

Current Opinion in Neurobiology
|October 23, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are essential for brain development, regulating processes from patterning to neuronal activity. Specific miRNAs exhibit complex, iterative, or combinatorial roles in modulating brain maturation and function.

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Isolation of Region-specific Microglia from One Adult Mouse Brain Hemisphere for Deep Single-cell RNA Sequencing

Published on: December 3, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are critical regulators of gene expression.
  • Global ablation of miRNAs leads to severe brain developmental defects.
  • Previous studies focused on the overall impact of miRNAs on brain development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the specific roles of individual miRNAs in brain maturation.
  • To understand the complex regulatory mechanisms of miRNAs in neuronal development.
  • To investigate how miRNAs control neuronal differentiation, subtype specification, and activity.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing model organisms like Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila, zebrafish, and mouse.
  • Targeting and analyzing the functions of selected miRNAs.
  • Investigating miRNA regulation at multiple loci and in miRNA clusters.

Main Results:

  • Single miRNAs modulate successive stages of brain maturation, including patterning, neurogenesis, and differentiation.
  • miRNAs display functional complexity, being used reiteratively (e.g., miR-9) or targeting different mRNAs (e.g., miR-134).
  • miRNA regulation involves composite mechanisms, including multiple loci or miRNA blocks.

Conclusions:

  • Specific miRNAs play intricate and diverse roles throughout brain development.
  • Understanding these complex miRNA functions is key to deciphering brain maturation.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate the impact of miRNAs on brain function and behavior.