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Related Concept Videos

Parkinson Disease l: Introduction01:24

Parkinson Disease l: Introduction

Parkinson’s disease is a chronic, progressive neurodegenerative disorder that primarily affects movement. It is characterized by motor symptoms such as resting tremors, muscle rigidity, bradykinesia (slowness of movement), and postural instability. Patients may notice hand tremors at rest, stiffness during movement, or a shuffling gait. In addition to motor features, non-motor symptoms include sleep disturbances, mood and behavioral changes, constipation, and cognitive impairment, all of which...
Parkinson's Disease: Overview01:15

Parkinson's Disease: Overview

Neurodegenerative disorders are progressive diseases that cause irreversible damage and loss to neurons in specific brain areas. Examples of these disorders include Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Multiple Sclerosis (MS), and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). These disorders share characteristics such as proteinopathies, selective neuronal vulnerability, and a complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors. The primary therapeutic goal for these conditions is to...
Parkinson Disease ll: Pathophysiology01:24

Parkinson Disease ll: Pathophysiology

Parkinson disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder primarily affecting movement, with additional non-motor features. Its pathophysiology involves complex interactions among genetic susceptibility, environmental exposures, and cellular dysfunction, including dopaminergic neuron loss, protein aggregation, and mitochondrial impairment.Selective NeurodegenerationA key feature is the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta, leading to reduced...
Parkinson's Disease: Treatment01:24

Parkinson's Disease: Treatment

Neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's Disease (PD), involve the gradual and irreversible destruction of neurons in particular brain areas. These disorders exhibit standard features like proteinopathies, selective vulnerability of some neurons, and an interaction of intrinsic properties, genetics, and environmental influences in neural injury.
Parkinson's Disease is primarily a result of the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. The cornerstone of its...
Huntington Disease l: Introduction01:21

Huntington Disease l: Introduction

Huntington disease or HD is a progressive, fatal neurodegenerative disorder inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern.PathophysiologyIt is caused by expansion of the CAG trinucleotide repeat in the HTT gene on chromosome 4 (4p16.3), producing an abnormal huntingtin protein with an expanded polyglutamine tract. This misfolded protein disrupts cellular function, leading to neuronal death. Normal alleles have ≤26 repeats, 27–35 are intermediate (risk of expansion), 36–39 show reduced penetrance,...
Alterations in Muscle Tone lll01:11

Alterations in Muscle Tone lll

Rigidity and myotonia are distinct abnormalities of muscle tone that affect resistance and relaxation during movement. Although both involve altered muscle contraction, they arise from different neurological and muscular mechanisms.CharacteristicsRigidity is characterized by uniform resistance to passive movement across the entire range, independent of speed, affecting flexors and extensors equally. It may appear as lead-pipe rigidity (smooth, constant resistance) or cogwheel rigidity...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Phenotypic Profiling of MPTP-Induced Parkinsonian-like Behavioral Phenotypes in Zebrafish Larvae Based on Behavioral Experiment
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A timeline for Parkinson's disease.

Christopher H Hawkes1, Kelly Del Tredici, Heiko Braak

  • 1Neuroscience Centre, Institute of Cell and Molecular Science, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, 4 Newark Street, London E1 2AT, UK. chrishawkes@msn.com

Parkinsonism & Related Disorders
|October 23, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Parkinson's disease (PD) has a prodromal period before motor symptoms emerge, lasting decades. Understanding this progression may lead to better strategies for managing PD.

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Phenotypic Profiling of MPTP-Induced Parkinsonian-like Behavioral Phenotypes in Zebrafish Larvae Based on Behavioral Experiment
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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Neurodegenerative Diseases

Background:

  • Classical Parkinson's disease (PD) exhibits a prodromal period preceding motor symptoms.
  • The disease duration post-motor onset typically spans up to 20 years, influenced by various factors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To correlate clinical features of prodromal and motor phases with neuropathology.
  • To propose a sequential disease progression model for Parkinson's disease.
  • To estimate the total disease duration from earliest non-motor symptoms to death.

Main Methods:

  • Review of established knowledge on Parkinson's disease progression.
  • Correlation of clinical manifestations with central and autonomic nervous system pathology.
  • Development of a 'best guess' model for disease trajectory.

Main Results:

  • A prodromal phase of several years is established before motor symptoms.
  • Motor phase duration varies, typically up to 20 years.
  • Speculative total disease duration from earliest non-motor signs to death is approximately 40 years for a typical individual presenting in their sixties.

Conclusions:

  • Parkinson's disease progression can be conceptualized over a long duration, starting years before motor symptoms.
  • Understanding the full disease timeline, including prodromal and motor phases, is crucial.
  • This comprehensive view may facilitate the development of improved therapeutic strategies to slow or halt Parkinson's disease progression.