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Related Concept Videos

Oogenesis02:07

Oogenesis

In human women, oogenesis produces one mature egg cell or ovum for every precursor cell that enters meiosis. This process differs in two unique ways from the equivalent procedure of spermatogenesis in males. First, meiotic divisions during oogenesis are asymmetric, meaning that a large oocyte (containing most of the cytoplasm) and minor polar body are produced as a result of meiosis I, and again following meiosis II. Since only oocytes will go on to form embryos if fertilized, this unequal...
Oogenesis01:22

Oogenesis

Oogenesis,  the process of developing egg cells (female gametes), occurs within the ovaries and is fundamental to female fertility. This sequence begins during fetal development when diploid oogonia in the developing ovaries undergo mitotic divisions to produce primary oocytes. By birth, these primary oocytes enter prophase I of meiosis but become arrested in this stage, remaining suspended until puberty.
Each primary oocyte is surrounded by a layer of pre-granulosa cells, forming what is known...
Meiosis I03:09

Meiosis I

Meiosis is the division of a diploid cell into haploid cells forming sperm and eggs in animals through differentiation. Meiosis I is the first stage of meiosis, where the genetic recombination of homologous chromosomes and the reduction of the ploidy level by half occurs.
Prophase I is the most extended and complex step of meiosis I characterized by synapsis, chromosome pairing, and recombination of the homologous chromosomes. This process is facilitated by a proteinaceous structure called the...
Meiosis I01:49

Meiosis I

Meiosis is a carefully orchestrated set of cell divisions, the goal of which—in humans—is to produce haploid sperm or eggs, each containing half the number of chromosomes present in somatic cells elsewhere in the body. Meiosis I is the first such division, and involves several key steps, among them: condensation of replicated chromosomes in diploid cells; the pairing of homologous chromosomes and their exchange of information; and finally, the separation of homologous chromosomes by a...
Meiosis I03:09

Meiosis I

Meiosis is the division of a diploid cell into haploid cells forming sperm and eggs in animals through differentiation. Meiosis I is the first stage of meiosis, where the genetic recombination of homologous chromosomes and the reduction of the ploidy level by half occurs.
Prophase I is the most extended and complex step of meiosis I characterized by synapsis, chromosome pairing, and recombination of the homologous chromosomes. This process is facilitated by a proteinaceous structure called the...
Meiosis II02:02

Meiosis II

Meiosis II entails cell division and segregation of the sister chromatids, resulting in the production of four unique haploid gametes. The steps for meiosis II are similar to mitosis, except that meiosis II occurs in haploid cells, whereas mitosis occurs in diploid cells.
The timing and cell division patterns of meiosis differ between males and females. In male meiosis, the centrosomes are part of the formation of the meiotic spindle. However, in oocytes, including that of humans, Drosophila,...

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Related Experiment Video

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Using Mouse Oocytes to Assess Human Gene Function During Meiosis I
11:13

Using Mouse Oocytes to Assess Human Gene Function During Meiosis I

Published on: April 10, 2018

Predicting meiotic pathways in human fetal oogenesis.

Ping Zheng1, Michael D Griswold, Terry J Hassold

  • 1School of Molecular Biosciences, Center for Reproductive Biology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA.

Biology of Reproduction
|October 23, 2009
PubMed
Summary

We created the first human fetal ovary gene network (HFOnet) to predict gene function in meiosis. This network identifies key genes involved in meiotic processes and DNA repair, aiding future research.

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Last Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Using Mouse Oocytes to Assess Human Gene Function During Meiosis I
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Published on: April 10, 2018

Meiotic Spindle Assessment in Mouse Oocytes by siRNA-mediated Silencing
09:16

Meiotic Spindle Assessment in Mouse Oocytes by siRNA-mediated Silencing

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Preparation of Meiotic Chromosome Spreads from Mouse Oocytes for Assessment of Synapsis and Recombination

Published on: July 18, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Reproductive Biology
  • Bioinformatics

Background:

  • Gene function prediction is crucial for understanding complex biological processes.
  • Meiotic initiation and progression in the human fetal ovary are experimentally challenging.
  • A functional gene network can provide a framework for exploring these processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop the first functional gene network for the human fetal ovary (HFOnet).
  • To use HFOnet to predict gene functions and identify novel genes involved in meiosis.
  • To analyze the network properties of meiosis-specific and nonspecific genes.

Main Methods:

  • Developed HFOnet by integrating multiple genomic features using a naive Bayesian model.
  • Validated the network by assessing its ability to recapture known gene connections and predict new ones.
  • Analyzed gene clustering and connectivity patterns for meiosis-specific and nonspecific genes.

Main Results:

  • HFOnet accurately recaptured known gene connections and predicted novel ones.
  • Meiosis-specific genes showed high clustering with few connections, while nonspecific genes had numerous connections and low clustering.
  • Identified novel candidate genes potentially involved in meiotic initiation and DNA repair.

Conclusions:

  • HFOnet serves as a valuable framework for studying gene function in early human female meiosis.
  • The network analysis revealed distinct roles for meiosis-specific and nonspecific genes in meiotic pathways.
  • This approach facilitates the exploration of gene functions intractable by traditional methods.