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Progress toward poliomyelitis eradication--Nigeria, January 2008-July 2009

    MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report
    |October 23, 2009
    PubMed

    Insights

    Nigeria faced a high polio burden in 2008 despite case declines. Efforts in 2008-2009 focused on interrupting wild poliovirus (WPV) and circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 (cVDPV2) transmission.

    Area of Science:

    • Public Health
    • Epidemiology
    • Virology

    Background:

    • Nigeria remained a global hotspot for wild poliovirus (WPV) in 2008, despite previous reductions.
    • The country was a significant source of WPV type 1 (WPV1) and WPV type 3 (WPV3) transmission internationally.
    • Ongoing transmission of circulating type 2 vaccine-derived poliovirus (cVDPV2) presented a persistent challenge.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To provide an update on polio eradication progress in Nigeria during 2008-2009.
    • To outline planned activities to interrupt poliovirus transmission.
    • To assess the impact of interventions on vaccination coverage.

    Main Methods:

    • Analysis of WPV and cVDPV2 case data from 2008-2009.
    • Monitoring of WPV1 and WPV3 transmission dynamics.
    • Evaluation of vaccination coverage, particularly in high-incidence northern states.

    Main Results:

    • WPV1 cases significantly decreased by 87% between January-July 2008 and 2009.
    • WPV3 cases increased approximately six-fold during the same period.
    • The proportion of unvaccinated children in northern states dropped from 31% in 2006 to 11% in early 2009, indicating progress.

    Conclusions:

    • Interrupting WPV and cVDPV2 transmission requires sustained engagement of leaders and improved supplemental immunization activities (SIAs).
    • Targeted strategies, including mobile vaccination teams, are crucial for reaching unvaccinated children.
    • Continued political and community support is essential for achieving polio eradication in Nigeria.

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