Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Microbe-Plant Interactions01:09

Microbe-Plant Interactions

Microbe-plant interactions represent a dynamic spectrum of associations shaped by intricate chemical signaling. These interactions can be neutral, beneficial, or detrimental, and profoundly influence plant physiology, growth, and ecosystem function. The plant microbiome, comprising bacteria, fungi, archaea, protists, and viruses, plays a pivotal role in mediating these effects through surface colonization, internal colonization, or systemic symbiosis.Mutualistic associations, particularly with...
Defenses Against Pathogens and Herbivores02:26

Defenses Against Pathogens and Herbivores

Plants present a rich source of nutrients for many organisms, making it a target for herbivores and infectious agents. Plants, though lacking a proper immune system, have developed an array of constitutive and inducible defenses to fend off these attacks.
Determinants of Bacterial Pathogenicity and Virulence01:20

Determinants of Bacterial Pathogenicity and Virulence

Pathogenic bacteria employ a variety of strategies to establish infections, including the secretion of extracellular enzymes that act as potent virulence factors. These enzymes facilitate bacterial colonization of host tissues and help evade immune surveillance. By targeting structural components of host tissues and interfering with immune mechanisms, these enzymes play a pivotal role in disease progression.Extracellular Enzymes Facilitating Tissue Invasion: Several bacterial pathogens secrete...
Cell Signaling in Plants01:25

Cell Signaling in Plants

Plant cells communicate to coordinate their cycle of growth, flowering and fruiting, and activities in roots, shoots, and leaves in response to the changing environmental conditions. Plant signaling is distinct from animal signaling. Plants primarily utilize enzyme-linked receptors, whereas the largest class of cell-surface receptors in animals are G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). Unlike animals, receptor tyrosine kinases are rare in plants. Instead, plants have a diverse class of...
Regulation of Bacterial Virulence01:28

Regulation of Bacterial Virulence

Pathogenic bacteria employ a range of regulatory mechanisms to modulate the expression of virulence genes in response to environmental and host-derived signals. These mechanisms ensure that virulence factors are expressed only under favorable conditions, thereby optimizing infection and survival strategies.Mechanisms of Virulence RegulationKey regulatory strategies include:Two-Component Systems: These consist of a membrane-bound sensor kinase and a cytoplasmic response regulator. Environmental...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Characterization of Soybean Events with Enhanced Expression of the Microtubule-Associated Protein 65-1 (MAP65-1).

Molecular plant-microbe interactions : MPMI·2023
Same author

Association analyses of host genetics, root-colonizing microbes, and plant phenotypes under different nitrogen conditions in maize.

eLife·2022
Same author

FDDM1 and FDDM2, Two SGS3-like Proteins, Function as a Complex to Affect DNA Methylation in Arabidopsis.

Genes·2022
Same author

A phytobacterial TIR domain effector manipulates NAD<sup>+</sup> to promote virulence.

The New phytologist·2021
Same author

Rhizosphere Microbiomes in a Historical Maize-Soybean Rotation System Respond to Host Species and Nitrogen Fertilization at the Genus and Subgenus Levels.

Applied and environmental microbiology·2021
Same author

Pathogenic Bacteria Target Plant Plasmodesmata to Colonize and Invade Surrounding Tissues.

The Plant cell·2020
Same journal

Late Blight Effector Pi05910 Suppresses Plant Immunity by Promoting Destabilisation of Host Scaffold Protein RACK1.

Molecular plant pathology·2026
Same journal

OsMAPK6 Phosphorylates and Degrades OsCATA to Regulate H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> Homeostasis Conferring Resistance to Bacterial Blight in Rice.

Molecular plant pathology·2026
Same journal

Fusarium sacchari 14-3-3 Protein FsBmh1 Sequesters a Novel Elicitor FsEcm33 to Evade Host Immunity.

Molecular plant pathology·2026
Same journal

Ralstonia pseudosolanacearum PhcQ Controls Quorum Sensing-Dependent Phenotypes by Binding PhcA and Maintaining Its Protein Stability.

Molecular plant pathology·2026
Same journal

To Beet or Not (Just) to Beet: Ecology, Virulence and Genomic Insights Into the Leaf Spot Disease Causative Pseudomonas syringae pv. aptata.

Molecular plant pathology·2026
Same journal

An RLP23/Cf-9<sup>TM-IC</sup> Chimeric Receptor Enhances nlp24-Triggered Immunity and Resistance to Phytophthora nicotianae in Nicotiana benthamiana.

Molecular plant pathology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Agroinfiltration and PVX Agroinfection in Potato and Nicotiana benthamiana
07:33

Agroinfiltration and PVX Agroinfection in Potato and Nicotiana benthamiana

Published on: January 3, 2014

Roadmap for future research on plant pathogen effectors.

James R Alfano1

  • 1The Center for Plant Science Innovation and the Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588-0660, USA. jalfano2@unl.edu

Molecular Plant Pathology
|October 24, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Plant pathogens deliver effector proteins to manipulate host plants. This review outlines methods for identifying these effectors, crucial for understanding plant immunity and improving agriculture.

More Related Videos

Screening and Identification of RNA Silencing Suppressors from Secreted Effectors of Plant Pathogens
10:19

Screening and Identification of RNA Silencing Suppressors from Secreted Effectors of Plant Pathogens

Published on: February 3, 2020

Bacterial Leaf Infiltration Assay for Fine Characterization of Plant Defense Responses using the Arabidopsis thaliana-Pseudomonas syringae Pathosystem
11:50

Bacterial Leaf Infiltration Assay for Fine Characterization of Plant Defense Responses using the Arabidopsis thaliana-Pseudomonas syringae Pathosystem

Published on: October 1, 2015

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Agroinfiltration and PVX Agroinfection in Potato and Nicotiana benthamiana
07:33

Agroinfiltration and PVX Agroinfection in Potato and Nicotiana benthamiana

Published on: January 3, 2014

Screening and Identification of RNA Silencing Suppressors from Secreted Effectors of Plant Pathogens
10:19

Screening and Identification of RNA Silencing Suppressors from Secreted Effectors of Plant Pathogens

Published on: February 3, 2020

Bacterial Leaf Infiltration Assay for Fine Characterization of Plant Defense Responses using the Arabidopsis thaliana-Pseudomonas syringae Pathosystem
11:50

Bacterial Leaf Infiltration Assay for Fine Characterization of Plant Defense Responses using the Arabidopsis thaliana-Pseudomonas syringae Pathosystem

Published on: October 1, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Plant pathology
  • Molecular biology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Plant pathogens, including bacteria, oomycetes, and fungi, secrete effector proteins into host plant cells.
  • These effectors play roles in pathogenesis, with some known to suppress plant immune responses.
  • The discovery of effectors is accelerating due to advances in next-generation sequencing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize current methodologies for identifying plant pathogen effectors.
  • To provide a roadmap for future effector and effector target discovery.
  • To highlight the importance of effectors in understanding plant innate immunity.

Main Methods:

  • Review of established and emerging techniques for effector identification.
  • Analysis of genomic data from plant pathogens.
  • Functional characterization of effector proteins.

Main Results:

  • Identification of key protein secretion systems (e.g., type III) involved in effector delivery.
  • Characterization of effector families, such as those with the RXLR motif in oomycetes.
  • Recognition that effectors are valuable tools for dissecting plant immune pathways.

Conclusions:

  • Effective strategies exist for identifying plant pathogen effectors.
  • Continued effector discovery will enhance our understanding of plant-microbe interactions.
  • Advances in effector research promise to improve agricultural resilience and crop protection.