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Updated: Jun 19, 2026

A Convenient Method for Extraction and Analysis with High-Pressure Liquid Chromatography of Catecholamine Neurotransmitters and Their Metabolites
Published on: March 1, 2018
Multiple dual-mode countercurrent chromatography applied to chiral separations using a (S)-naproxen derivative as
Núria Rubio1, Svetlana Ignatova, Cristina Minguillón
1Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Parc Científic de Barcelona (PCB), Baldiri Reixac 10-12, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain.
Abstract:
Countercurrent chromatography (CCC) is a liquid-liquid chromatographic technique without a solid support. Several alternative elution modes can be applied to take advantage of the special nature of the liquid stationary phase. Among these dual-mode (DM) and multiple dual-mode (MDM) consist of switching alternatively between Reversed and Normal Phase operation during the experiment (once for DM and several times for MDM). In this paper, MDM has been applied to the chiral CCC separations of two racemic mixtures, (+/-)-N-(3,4-cis-3-decyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrophenanthren-4-yl)-3,5-dinitrobenzamide and N-(3,5-dinitrobenzoyl)-(+/-)-leucine, using (S)-naproxen N,N-diethylamide as chiral selector (CS). Although the behaviour of the two analytes differed, improved resolution factors were successfully obtained. Results are rationalized on the basis of the distinct partition behaviour of the CS/enantiomer complexes in the biphasic system.
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