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Related Concept Videos

Neuroplasticity01:01

Neuroplasticity

Neuroplasticity reflects the brain's remarkable capacity to adapt and evolve, responding dynamically to learning, experiences, or injury by reorganizing its neural circuitry. This reorganization involves creating new neural connections and refining old ones through a series of biological processes that contribute to the brain's lifelong development and adaptability.
Plasticity00:58

Plasticity

Plasticity is the property where an object loses its elasticity and undergoes irreversible deformation, even after the deformation forces are eliminated. If a material deforms irreversibly without increasing stress or load, then this is called ideal plasticity. For example, when a force is applied to an aluminum rod, it changes its shape, but it does not return to its original shape once the force is removed. Plastic deformation or ductility is thus a permanent deformation or change in the...
Neurogenesis and Regeneration of Nervous Tissue01:15

Neurogenesis and Regeneration of Nervous Tissue

In the CNS, neurogenesis, the birth of new neurons from stem cells, is limited to the hippocampus in adults. In other regions of the brain and spinal cord, neurogenesis is almost non-existent due to inhibitory influences from neuroglia, especially oligodendrocytes, and the absence of growth-stimulating cues. The myelin produced by oligodendrocytes in the CNS inhibits neuronal regeneration. Furthermore, astrocytes proliferate rapidly after neuronal damage, forming scar tissue that physically...

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Perspectives on Neuroscience
26:41

Perspectives on Neuroscience

Published on: July 31, 2007

Neural prostheses and brain plasticity.

James B Fallon1, Dexter R F Irvine, Robert K Shepherd

  • 1Bionic Ear Institute, 384-388 Albert Street, East Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia. jfallon@bionicear.org

Journal of Neural Engineering
|October 24, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cochlear implants help over 120,000 deaf individuals. This review examines how the brain

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Auditory Science

Background:

  • Modern neural prostheses rely on intricate hardware, software, and the patient's biological environment ('wetware').
  • Cochlear implants are a key example, benefiting over 120,000 individuals with severe/profound hearing loss by enabling auditory awareness and speech perception.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the complex interactions between neural prosthesis components and the dynamic 'wetware'.
  • To explore the role of the central nervous system's plasticity in neural prosthesis performance.
  • To examine changes in the central auditory system related to cochlear implant use.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on cochlear implants and neural prostheses.
  • Analysis of electrophysiological and functional imaging studies in humans.
  • Examination of animal studies on central auditory system plasticity.

Main Results:

  • The central nervous system is a critical component of the 'wetware' for neural prostheses.
  • Changes in the central auditory system correlate with performance variations in cochlear implant users.
  • The central auditory system exhibits significant plasticity, even in adulthood, across both human and animal models.

Conclusions:

  • Brain plasticity plays a crucial role in the efficacy and adaptation of neural prostheses.
  • Understanding wetware dynamics, particularly neuroplasticity, is essential for advancing neural prosthesis technology.
  • Cochlear implants serve as a valuable model for studying the broader implications of brain plasticity in neural prosthetics.