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Related Concept Videos

Gastritis III: Clinical Manifestations and Management01:23

Gastritis III: Clinical Manifestations and Management

The clinical manifestations of gastritis can vary depending on the cause and type of gastritis, but some common symptoms may include the following.
Clinical manifestations of acute gastritis
The patient with acute gastritis may have a rapid onset of symptoms, such as epigastric pain or discomfort, dyspepsia, anorexia, hiccups, or nausea and vomiting, which can last from a few hours to a few days. Erosive or hemorrhagic gastritis may cause bleeding, which may manifest as blood in vomit or as...
Esophageal Varices-II: Clinical Features and Management01:28

Esophageal Varices-II: Clinical Features and Management

Esophageal varices often manifest as gastrointestinal bleeding episodes, presenting symptoms like hematemesis (vomiting of blood), hematochezia (passing fresh blood via the rectum), and melena (black, tarry stools). Other signs can include weight loss, anorexia, abdominal discomfort, jaundice, pruritus, altered mental status, and muscle cramps.
In the initial assessment, a thorough review of the patient's medical history is vital to identify risk factors such as liver disease, alcohol abuse, or...
Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Ulcerative Colitis01:27

Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Ulcerative Colitis

Introduction
Inflammatory bowel disease, or IBD, encompasses a group of disorders characterized by chronic inflammation or ulceration of the gastrointestinal tract.
Risk Factors
The exact cause of IBD remains unclear, although it is believed to be due to a mix of genetic, environmental, microbial, and immune factors. Genetic factors are significant in determining susceptibility to IBD, with family history being a critical risk factor. Individuals with a first-degree relative who has IBD are at...
Esophageal Varices-I: Introduction01:24

Esophageal Varices-I: Introduction

Esophageal varices are dilated, tortuous veins which are found mainly in the submucosa of the lower esophagus but which may also appear higher up or extend into the stomach. They develop due to increased pressure in the portal venous system, often as a result of liver cirrhosis. This condition scars and damages the liver, impeding normal blood flow through the portal vein. To compensate, blood seeks alternative pathways, forming fragile new vessels (varices) in the esophagus and stomach. These...
Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Introduction01:26

Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Introduction

Inflammatory bowel disease is a group of chronic disorders marked by recurrent inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract due to an abnormal immune response against gut microflora. This leads to tissue damage. The two main forms are Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis.Crohn’s DiseaseCrohn’s disease is a relapsing inflammatory disorder that can affect any part of the GI tract, from the mouth to the anus. It involves all layers of the bowel wall (transmural) and shows “skip lesions” in which...
Inflammatory Bowel Disease IV: Clinical Manifestations01:20

Inflammatory Bowel Disease IV: Clinical Manifestations

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) encompasses two major chronic disorders—ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease—each characterized by relapsing episodes of gastrointestinal inflammation. Although they share certain clinical features, their patterns of involvement and manifestations differ in ways that aid diagnosis and guide management.Ulcerative ColitisUlcerative colitis is limited to the colon and rectum and involves continuous inflammation of the mucosal layer. The disease course is marked...

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Related Experiment Videos

Acute gastrointestinal hemorrhage.

T Gregory Walker1

  • 1Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA. Tgwalker@partners.org

Techniques in Vascular and Interventional Radiology
|October 27, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Interventional radiology offers effective emergency treatment for acute gastrointestinal (GI) hemorrhage. Transcatheter arterial embolization is a safe and viable alternative to surgery for controlling bleeding.

Area of Science:

  • Interventional Radiology
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • Acute gastrointestinal (GI) hemorrhage often requires intervention beyond medical or endoscopic treatment.
  • A subset of patients necessitates emergency evaluation and management by interventional radiologists.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of angiography, transcatheter arterial embolization, and infusion therapy in managing GI hemorrhage.
  • To highlight interventional radiology's contribution to controlling acute GI bleeding.

Main Methods:

  • Selective and superselective catheterization of bleeding arteries.
  • Transcatheter embolization using microcoils.
  • Transcatheter intra-arterial infusion of vasopressin in select cases.

Main Results:

Related Experiment Videos

  • Transcatheter embolization is highly effective in controlling GI hemorrhage with minimal complications.
  • Angiography guides precise embolization, offering a safe alternative to emergency surgery.
  • Vasopressin infusion can be useful but carries risks and a high rebleeding rate.

Conclusions:

  • Interventional radiology provides critical emergency management for acute GI hemorrhage.
  • Transcatheter arterial embolization is a primary, effective treatment modality.
  • Careful patient selection and awareness of potential complications are essential for infusion therapies.