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Related Concept Videos

Flame Photometry: Overview01:02

Flame Photometry: Overview

Flame photometry, also known as flame emission spectrometry, is a technique used for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of elements present in a sample using a flame as the source of excitation energy. The concept of flame photometry was realized in the early 1860s by Kirchhoff and Bunsen, who discovered that specific elements emit characteristic radiation when excited in flames. The first instrument developed for this purpose was used to measure sodium (Na) in plant ash using a Bunsen...
Flame Photometry: Lab01:16

Flame Photometry: Lab

In a flame photometer, when a solution like potassium chloride is aspirated into the flame, the solvent evaporates, leaving behind dehydrated salt. This salt dissociates into free gaseous atoms in their ground state. Some of these atoms absorb energy from the flame, leading to their excitation. The excited atoms return to the ground state, emitting photons at characteristic wavelengths. Because only electronic transitions are involved, the resulting emission lines are very narrow. The intensity...
Atomic Spectroscopy: Effects of Temperature01:27

Atomic Spectroscopy: Effects of Temperature

Atomization, converting samples into gas-phase atoms and ions, is essential for atomic spectroscopy. The flame temperature required for atomization affects the efficiency of the atomic spectroscopic methods by increasing the atomization efficiency and the relative population of the excited and ground states.
At thermal equilibrium, the relative populations of excited and ground state atoms can be estimated using the Maxwell–Boltzmann distribution. For example, an increase in temperature from...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Non-equilibrium Microwave Plasma for Efficient High Temperature Chemistry
07:17

Non-equilibrium Microwave Plasma for Efficient High Temperature Chemistry

Published on: August 1, 2017

Laser-induced thermal grating effects in flames.

S Williams, L A Rahn, P H Paul

    Optics Letters
    |October 27, 2009
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Laser-induced thermal gratings in hydrogen/oxygen flames were observed using light scattering. Helium dilution reduced signal intensity, aligning with hydrodynamic models.

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    Experimental Methodology for Estimation of Local Heat Fluxes and Burning Rates in Steady Laminar Boundary Layer Diffusion Flames
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    Experimental Methodology for Estimation of Local Heat Fluxes and Burning Rates in Steady Laminar Boundary Layer Diffusion Flames

    Published on: June 1, 2016

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    Experimental Methodology for Estimation of Local Heat Fluxes and Burning Rates in Steady Laminar Boundary Layer Diffusion Flames
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    Experimental Methodology for Estimation of Local Heat Fluxes and Burning Rates in Steady Laminar Boundary Layer Diffusion Flames

    Published on: June 1, 2016

    Area of Science:

    • * Combustion Science
    • * Laser Spectroscopy
    • * Fluid Dynamics

    Background:

    • * Laser-induced thermal gratings are a diagnostic tool.
    • * Understanding flame dynamics is crucial for combustion control.
    • * Previous studies have not fully explored thermal gratings in H(2)/O(2) flames.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • * To observe and characterize laser-induced thermal gratings in an atmospheric-pressure H(2)/O(2) flame.
    • * To investigate the effect of helium dilution on thermal grating signal intensity.
    • * To validate experimental observations with theoretical hydrodynamic calculations.

    Main Methods:

    • * Employed a phase-matching geometry for light scattering, common in resonant four-wave mixing and laser-induced grating spectroscopy.
    • * Conducted time-domain and frequency-domain experiments to confirm thermal grating presence.
    • * Varied flame composition by diluting with helium.

    Main Results:

    • * Successfully observed light scattering from laser-induced thermal gratings in the flame.
    • * Confirmed the presence of thermal gratings in both time and frequency domains.
    • * Demonstrated that diluting the flame with helium decreases the thermal grating signal intensity.
    • * Experimental results showed good agreement with theoretical calculations based on linearized hydrodynamic equations.

    Conclusions:

    • * Laser-induced thermal gratings are a viable diagnostic for H(2)/O(2) flames.
    • * Flame composition significantly impacts thermal grating signal intensity.
    • * The study validates the use of hydrodynamic models for predicting thermal grating behavior in flames.