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Obesity

Obesity

The Body Mass Index (BMI) is a numerical value derived from a person's weight and height, used to categorize individuals into weight ranges. It is calculated using the formula: weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared. Obesity is a health condition characterized by excessive accumulation of adipose tissue that poses health risks, often diagnosed with a BMI ≥ 30. This excess fat storage occurs when surplus dietary calories are converted into triglycerides and stored in adipocytes...

Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Absorption and Distribution

Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Absorption and Distribution

Obesity significantly alters the pharmacokinetic processes of drug absorption and distribution, presenting unique challenges in medical treatment. The increased fat tissue and decreased lean muscle in obese individuals can significantly affect how drugs are absorbed into the body and distributed across different tissues. This alteration can lead to variances in the effectiveness and safety of medications, necessitating adjustments in dosing or drug selection for obese patients.One notable...

Drug Dosing: Obese Patients

Drug Dosing: Obese Patients

In the United States, obesity is a prominent concern. It is linked to heightened mortality rates due to increased occurrences of conditions such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, and diabetes compared to nonobese individuals. A patient is classified as obese if their actual body weight surpasses the ideal or desirable body weight by 20%, based on Metropolitan Life Insurance Company data. Ideal body weights consider average weights and heights for males and females...

Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Metabolism and Excretion

Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Metabolism and Excretion

Drug metabolism, a critical process in the liver, involves two primary phases: Phase I reactions and Phase II conjugation. Obesity introduces significant alterations in this metabolic process, primarily due to fatty infiltration of the liver, leading to conditions such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This condition can modify the activities of both Phase I and II enzymes, impacting how drugs are metabolized in obese patients.Phase I metabolism sees variable effects across...

Binge Eating Disorders

Binge Eating Disorders

Binge eating disorder is a significant mental health condition characterized by recurrent episodes of excessive food consumption within a short period, accompanied by a perceived loss of control over eating behavior. Unlike occasional overeating, binge eating disorder is marked by distressing emotions such as guilt, shame, and anxiety following binge episodes. The disorder affects individuals across different ages and backgrounds, with profound implications for physical and psychological...

Bulimia Nervosa

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Bulimia nervosa is a complex and severe eating disorder characterized by a cyclical pattern of binge-and-purge eating pattern. It generally involves an episode of binge eating, followed by compensatory behaviors such as vomiting, excessive exercise, laxative use, or fasting, to prevent weight gain. Despite often maintaining a normal weight, individuals with bulimia are intensely preoccupied with their body image and harbor an overwhelming fear of gaining weight. This can contribute to the...

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Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Multidisciplinary Approach to Obesity Management: A Case Report

Multidisciplinary Approach to Obesity Management: A Case Report

Published on: May 30, 2025

Obesity: a complex growing challenge.

Z Pataky¹, E Bobbioni-Harsch, A Golay

¹Service of Therapeutic Education for Chronic Diseases, WHO Collaborating Centre, Department of Community Medicine, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland. zoltan.pataky@hcuge.ch

Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes : Official Journal, German Society of Endocrinology [And] German Diabetes Association

|October 27, 2009

Summary

Obesity is a complex, multifactorial disease involving many organs. Recent research highlights the roles of adipose tissue, adipokines, cytokines, and gut microbiota in its development and associated insulin resistance.

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Development and Validation of a Methodology for Establishing Obese Rat Models with Typical Fatty Pancreas

Development and Validation of a Methodology for Establishing Obese Rat Models with Typical Fatty Pancreas

Published on: November 11, 2025

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Multidisciplinary Approach to Obesity Management: A Case Report

Multidisciplinary Approach to Obesity Management: A Case Report

Published on: May 30, 2025

Development and Validation of a Methodology for Establishing Obese Rat Models with Typical Fatty Pancreas

Development and Validation of a Methodology for Establishing Obese Rat Models with Typical Fatty Pancreas

Published on: November 11, 2025

Area of Science:

Endocrinology
Metabolic Syndrome
Immunology

Background:

Global rise in overweight and obesity rates.
Complex, incompletely understood physiological mechanisms of body weight regulation.
Obesity is increasingly recognized as a multifactorial disease involving multiple organ systems.

Purpose of the Study:

To review physiopathological mechanisms underlying obesity development.
To explore the multifaceted role of adipose tissue beyond fat storage.
To examine the involvement of hormonal, inflammatory, and immune pathways in obesity.

Main Methods:

Review of recent scientific literature on obesity.
Analysis of the role of adipokines and cytokines in energy balance and metabolic functions.
Investigation of the link between inflammation, insulin resistance, and obesity.

Main Results:

Adipose tissue plays a crucial role in hormonal, inflammatory, and immune dysregulation.
Adipokines and cytokines influence appetite, energy balance, metabolism, and cardiovascular function.
Inflammation, endocannabinoid signaling, and gut microbiota contribute to obesity and insulin resistance.

Conclusions:

Obesity involves complex interactions between various organs and systems.
Adipose tissue dysfunction, inflammation, and gut microbiota alterations are key contributors to obesity.
Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for developing effective obesity interventions.