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Manipulation of Ploidy in Caenorhabditis elegans
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Multiple patterns of rDNA evolution following polyploidy in Oryza.

Ying Bao1, Jonathan F Wendel2, Song Ge3

  • 1College of Life Science, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong 273165, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, PR China.

Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
|October 28, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Ribosomal DNA (rDNA) evolution in polyploid rice species shows varied outcomes after hybridization. Concerted evolution can lead to sequence homogenization or maintenance of distinct arrays, even in geographically separated populations.

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Genetics
  • Plant Science

Background:

  • Ribosomal Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) sequences are crucial for phylogenetic studies due to their high copy number in ribosomal DNA (rDNA) repeats.
  • Concerted evolution rapidly modifies rDNA arrays, influencing sequence homogenization within and between arrays.
  • Interspecific hybridization in allopolyploids merges divergent rDNA types, initiating evolutionary processes like paralog maintenance or novel variant formation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the extent and direction of concerted evolution in ribosomal ITS sequences within and among six Oryza tetraploids.
  • To understand the evolutionary fates of rDNA arrays following allopolyploid speciation in rice.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of ITS polymorphism within and across six Oryza tetraploid species with diverse genomic compositions.
  • Inference of concerted evolution dynamics based on observed sequence variations and array structures.

Main Results:

  • Different polyploid rice lineages exhibited distinct evolutionary trajectories for their rDNA arrays, including array maintenance or homogenization.
  • Varied outcomes were observed even among allopolyploids with identical genomic origins but different geographic distributions.
  • Evidence of bidirectional concerted evolution was found, where arrays homogenized towards alternative diploid progenitors in different allopolyploid derivatives.

Conclusions:

  • Ribosomal DNA evolution following allopolyploid speciation is highly variable, with outcomes dependent on genomic composition and geographic factors.
  • The study highlights diverse evolutionary pathways for rDNA, including homogenization, maintenance of paralogs, and bidirectional homogenization.
  • These findings provide insights into the complex evolutionary dynamics of repetitive DNA in newly formed polyploid species.