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Updated: Jun 19, 2026
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Lumped-Parameter and Finite Element Modeling of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction
Published on: February 13, 2021
Heart failure burden and therapy
Faiez Zannad1, Nelly Agrinier, François Alla
1Departement of Cardiology, INSERM, CIC9501 and U961, CHU Nancy, Hypertension and Heart Failure Unit, CHU, Nancy Université, 54500 Vandoeuvre les Nancy, France. f.zannad@chu-nancy.fr
Summary
Heart failure (HF) is a common, age-related condition affecting 1-2% of developed countries. This review covers HF epidemiology, causes, and the latest pharmacological and device therapy recommendations.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Internal Medicine
- Public Health
Background:
- Heart failure (HF) is a prevalent syndrome with diverse clinical presentations.
- Its incidence increases with age, posing a significant economic burden due to frequent hospitalizations in older adults.
- Understanding HF's epidemiology and clinical aspects is crucial for effective management.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide a comprehensive review of the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of heart failure.
- To detail the various causes, comorbidities, and classifications of HF, including systolic vs. diastolic and acute vs. chronic.
- To synthesize current evidence on pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments for HF.
Main Methods:
- Critical literature review of epidemiological and clinical data on heart failure.
- Analysis of HF causes, comorbidities, and subtypes (systolic, diastolic, acute, chronic).
- Synthesis of recent findings and guidelines on HF treatments, including medications and device therapy.
Main Results:
- Heart failure affects 1-2% of the population in developed countries, with prevalence rising with age.
- HF is a primary cause of hospitalization for individuals over 65.
- The review details specific HF types, associated conditions like left bundle branch block and atrial fibrillation, and treatment strategies.
Conclusions:
- Heart failure is a significant public health concern requiring a thorough understanding of its multifaceted nature.
- Current treatment recommendations encompass a range of pharmacological agents and device-based therapies.
- This review synthesizes essential information for clinicians managing heart failure patients.
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