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Related Concept Videos

Raman Spectroscopy Instrumentation: Overview01:26

Raman Spectroscopy Instrumentation: Overview

A conventional Raman spectrophotometer includes a laser source, a sample holding system, a wavelength selector, and a detector.
The monochromatic laser source, typically using visible or near-infrared radiation, generates a highly focused beam of light. This light interacts with the molecules of the sample, scattering some of the light. Liquid and gaseous samples are usually tested in ordinary glass capillaries, while solids can be analyzed as powders packed in capillaries or as potassium...
IR Spectrometers01:25

IR Spectrometers

There are two main infrared (IR) spectrophotometers: dispersive IR spectrometers and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers. In a dispersive IR spectrometer, a beam of infrared radiation produced by a hot wire is divided into two parallel equal-intensity beams using mirrors. One beam passes through the sample, while another is a reference beam. The beams then move through the monochromator, which separates the radiations into a continuous spectrum of different frequencies. The...
IR Spectroscopy: Molecular Vibration Overview01:24

IR Spectroscopy: Molecular Vibration Overview

When Infrared (IR) radiation passes through a covalently bonded molecule, the bonds transition from lower to higher vibrational levels. The fundamental vibrational motions that result in infrared absorption can be classified as stretching or bending vibrations.
Stretching vibrations are vibrational motions that occur along the bond line, changing the bond length or distance between two bonded atoms. They are further distinguished as symmetric or asymmetric. In symmetric stretching, the...
Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Interference01:25

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Interference

Interference leads to systematic error in atomic absorption (AA) measurements by enhancing or diminishing the analytical signal or the background. These interferences can be grouped into three main categories: spectral interference, chemical interference, and physical interference.
Spectral interference occurs when signals from other elements or molecules overlap with the analyte signal, falsely elevating or masking the analyte's absorbance. This interference can be corrected using Zeeman,...
Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Interference01:30

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Interference

In atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), high-temperature atomizers excite a broad range of elements and molecules that generate complex emissions from sources such as oxides, hydroxides, and flame combustion products in the flame or plasma. Several strategies can be employed to minimize spectral interferences caused by overlapping emission lines or bands. These include increasing instrument resolution, choosing alternative emission lines, optimally placing the detector in low-background regions,...
IR Spectroscopy: Hooke's Law Approximation of Molecular Vibration01:16

IR Spectroscopy: Hooke's Law Approximation of Molecular Vibration

A covalently bonded heteronuclear diatomic molecule can be modeled as two vibrating masses connected by a spring. The vibrational frequency of the bond can be expressed using an equation derived from Hooke's law, which describes how the force applied to stretch or compress a spring is proportional to the displacement of the spring. In this case, the atoms behave like masses, and the bond acts like a spring.
According to Hooke's law, the vibrational frequency is directly proportional to the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Interfacial Molecular-level Structures of Polymers and Biomacromolecules Revealed via Sum Frequency Generation Vibrational Spectroscopy
09:43

Interfacial Molecular-level Structures of Polymers and Biomacromolecules Revealed via Sum Frequency Generation Vibrational Spectroscopy

Published on: August 13, 2019

Femtosecond Sagnac interferometer for phase spectroscopy.

K Misawa, T Kobayashi

    Optics Letters
    |October 29, 2009
    PubMed
    Summary

    We created a new femtosecond Sagnac interferometer for single-shot measurements of spectral differences. This stable system achieves high phase change sensitivity (~lambda/100) for advanced optical analysis.

    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • Ultrafast Spectroscopy
    • Interferometry

    Background:

    • Accurate measurement of spectral differences is crucial in various optical applications.
    • Existing methods may lack the sensitivity or temporal resolution required for dynamic processes.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop a novel femtosecond Sagnac interferometer.
    • To enable single-shot measurements of difference transmission and difference phase spectra.
    • To achieve high phase change sensitivity and temporal resolution.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized a femtosecond Sagnac interferometer design.
    • Performed single-shot measurements.
    • Employed 1000-shot accumulation for enhanced sensitivity.
    • Operated within a spectral range of 530-650 nm with 1 nm wavelength resolution.

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    Implementation of a Reference Interferometer for Nanodetection

    Published on: April 26, 2014

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    Last Updated: Jun 19, 2026

    Interfacial Molecular-level Structures of Polymers and Biomacromolecules Revealed via Sum Frequency Generation Vibrational Spectroscopy
    09:43

    Interfacial Molecular-level Structures of Polymers and Biomacromolecules Revealed via Sum Frequency Generation Vibrational Spectroscopy

    Published on: August 13, 2019

    A Multimodal Wide-Field Fourier-Transform Raman Microscope
    06:48

    A Multimodal Wide-Field Fourier-Transform Raman Microscope

    Published on: December 30, 2025

    Implementation of a Reference Interferometer for Nanodetection
    16:11

    Implementation of a Reference Interferometer for Nanodetection

    Published on: April 26, 2014

    Main Results:

    • Successfully measured both difference transmission and difference phase spectra in a single shot.
    • Achieved a high phase change sensitivity of approximately lambda/100.
    • Demonstrated a time resolution of 200 femtoseconds.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed femtosecond Sagnac interferometer offers a stable and sensitive platform for ultrafast optical measurements.
    • This technology advances the capability for precise characterization of spectral properties with high temporal resolution.