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Related Concept Videos

Dementia01:30

Dementia

Dementia is a collective term for cognitive disorders primarily affecting memory, thinking, and reasoning. It is not a specific disease but a syndrome, with Alzheimer's disease being the most common cause, accounting for approximately 60-80% of cases. Other types include vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia, and frontotemporal dementia. Dementia affects millions worldwide, particularly older adults, though it is not a normal part of aging.
The progression of dementia is generally gradual.
Alzheimer Disease l: Introduction01:29

Alzheimer Disease l: Introduction

Alzheimer disease is a chronic, progressive, and irreversible neurodegenerative disorder and the most common cause of dementia in older adults. It leads to gradual neuronal loss, causing cognitive decline, behavioral changes, and loss of functional independence.Risk Factors and EtiologyThe disease is multifactorial. Age is the strongest risk factor, with prevalence doubling every 5 years after age 65. Genetic factors include mutations in genes such as APP, PSEN1, and PSEN2, which are associated...
Dementia l: Introduction01:22

Dementia l: Introduction

Dementia is an acquired, progressive syndrome characterized by a decline in multiple cognitive domains severe enough to impair daily functioning and reduce independence. Although memory loss is a central feature, the diagnosis requires additional deficits involving language, executive function, visuospatial skills, judgment, calculation, or abstract reasoning. These cognitive impairments reflect underlying neurodegenerative or vascular processes that gradually disrupt neuronal networks...
Alzheimer Disease ll: Pathophysiology01:23

Alzheimer Disease ll: Pathophysiology

Alzheimer disease involves structural changes in the brain that begin long before symptoms appear. The most distinctive features are extracellular neuritic plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles.Neuritic plaques form in the cerebral cortex and around blood vessels. These plaques contain a dense core of beta-amyloid (Aβ)—a toxic protein fragment that clumps outside neurons. The core is surrounded by damaged neuronal extensions, as well as reactive astrocytes and microglia. Abnormal...
Alzheimer's Disease: Overview01:26

Alzheimer's Disease: Overview

Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a continually advancing neurodegenerative disorder, distinguished by escalating memory loss, cognitive dysfunction, and dementia. The disease unfolds in three stages: preclinical, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and dementia. Its onset is insidious, and the progression gradual, with the cause not well explained by other disorders.
The clinical diagnosis of AD hinges on the presence of memory and other cognitive impairments. Biomarkers, such as changes in Aβ and tau...
Parkinson Disease l: Introduction01:24

Parkinson Disease l: Introduction

Parkinson’s disease is a chronic, progressive neurodegenerative disorder that primarily affects movement. It is characterized by motor symptoms such as resting tremors, muscle rigidity, bradykinesia (slowness of movement), and postural instability. Patients may notice hand tremors at rest, stiffness during movement, or a shuffling gait. In addition to motor features, non-motor symptoms include sleep disturbances, mood and behavioral changes, constipation, and cognitive impairment, all of which...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Using Retinal Imaging to Study Dementia
09:17

Using Retinal Imaging to Study Dementia

Published on: November 6, 2017

Risk factors for dementia.

Jen-Hau Chen1, Kun-Pei Lin, Yen-Ching Chen

  • 1Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.

Journal of the Formosan Medical Association = Taiwan Yi Zhi
|October 30, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Identifying dementia risk factors is crucial as global incidence rises. This review examines key factors like age, lifestyle, and genetics to inform early prevention strategies for Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia.

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Last Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Using Retinal Imaging to Study Dementia
09:17

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Published on: November 6, 2017

Symmetric Bihemispheric Postmortem Brain Cutting to Study Healthy and Pathological Brain Conditions in Humans
08:29

Symmetric Bihemispheric Postmortem Brain Cutting to Study Healthy and Pathological Brain Conditions in Humans

Published on: December 18, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Neurology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Dementia incidence is increasing globally, particularly in the elderly population.
  • Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a leading cause of death and a significant health concern worldwide.
  • Dementia is often underestimated in some regions, highlighting the need for greater awareness and research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and synthesize existing research on protective and risk factors for dementia.
  • To specifically focus on factors associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular dementia.
  • To identify future research directions for dementia prevention and management.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature review of studies evaluating dementia risk factors.
  • Analysis of associations between various factors and dementia risk.
  • Focus on epidemiological and etiological research.

Main Results:

  • Prevalence of dementia, especially AD, increases significantly with age.
  • Identified risk factors include age, ethnicity, genetics, lifestyle (physical activity, smoking, alcohol), education, BMI, comorbidities, and environmental influences.
  • Significant variations in prevalence exist across different regions and age groups.

Conclusions:

  • Early identification of protective and risk factors is essential for dementia prevention.
  • A multifactorial approach considering biological, lifestyle, and environmental factors is necessary.
  • Further research is needed to refine our understanding and develop targeted interventions for dementia, particularly AD and vascular dementia.