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Gallstones
1Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology Division, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Abstract:
Gallstone prevalence is correlated with geographical and ethnic variations. It is more prevalent in Western communities. There are evidences for a high prevalence in Saudi Arabia. According to their chemical constitutes, stones are classified into cholesterol, mixed and pigment stones. Three main factors, saturation, gallbladder function and nucleation defect are implemented in the pathogenesis of stone formation. Majority of gallstones patients are asymptomatic. Dyspeptic symptoms are not specific. Ultrasonography has become the method of choice for screening and diagnosis of gallstones. Cholecystoscintigraphy is accurate in the diagnosis of acute cholecystitis, biliary obstruction and bile leak. Treatment of gallstones will be discussed in the following issue.
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Acute pancreatitis is characterized by rapid inflammation of the pancreas, often caused by factors like gallstone blockage or excessive alcohol consumption. Chronic pancreatitis, on the other hand, is a slow, progressive inflammation that may result from long-term alcohol abuse, obstructions in the pancreatic duct, or genetic factors.
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