Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 19, 2026
07:47
Experimental Human Pneumococcal Carriage
Published on: February 15, 2013
A FURTHER STUDY ON THE BIOLOGIC CLASSIFICATION OF PNEUMOCOCCI
1Hospital of The Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research.
The Journal of Experimental Medicine
|October 30, 2009
Summary
Three subgroups of Pneumococcus Type II (Subgroups II A, II B, and II X) were identified using specific immune reactions. These subgroups are related to Pneumococcus Type II but possess distinct characteristics.
Area of Science:
- Microbiology
- Immunology
- Bacteriology
Background:
- Pneumococcus Type II is a significant bacterial pathogen.
- Understanding Pneumococcus Type II heterogeneity is crucial for effective treatment and prevention.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify and characterize distinct subgroups within Pneumococcus Type II based on immune reactions.
- To elucidate the antigenic relationships between Pneumococcus Type II and its subgroups.
Main Methods:
- Utilized specific immune reactions, including agglutination and protection tests, with Antipneumococcus Serum II.
- Employed antibody absorption techniques to differentiate antigenic specificities among subgroups.
- Assessed cross-reactivity between subgroups using antisera.
Main Results:
- Identified three subgroups: II A, II B, and II X, exhibiting distinct immune responses.
- Demonstrated biological relatedness of all subgroups to Pneumococcus Type II via agglutination and antibody absorption.
- Showcased specific differential characters separating the subgroups, including lack of cross-agglutination and cross-protection.
- Subgroups II A and II B showed identical immune reactions within their groups, while Subgroup II X comprised heterogeneous strains.
Conclusions:
- Pneumococcus Type II can be classified into at least three distinct subgroups (II A, II B, II X) based on specific immune reactions.
- While related to Pneumococcus Type II, these subgroups possess unique antigenic properties that differentiate them.
- Subgroup II X exhibits significant heterogeneity, indicating further complexity within Pneumococcus Type II strains.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
01:14Atypical Pneumonia
Atypical pneumonia, often caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae, is a form of pulmonary infection that differs from the classical presentation of bacterial pneumonia in both its cause and clinical symptoms. Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a pleomorphic bacterium notable for its lack of a rigid cell wall. This structural characteristic imparts resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics and significantly influences the bacterium’s behavior within the human host.Other pathogens responsible for the disease include...
01:24Microbial Classification System
Classification is the process of organizing organisms into hierarchically inclusive groups based on their phenotypic similarities or evolutionary relationships. A species comprises one or more strains, and closely related species are grouped into genera. Genera are further classified into families, families into orders, orders into classes, and so forth, up to the domain level, which is the broadest taxonomic rank derived from a combination of phenotypic and genotypic data.The nomenclature of...
01:30Pneumonia III: Complications and Assessment
Pneumonia poses the potential for numerous complications that warrant consideration. These complications include the following:
01:29Pneumonia II: Pathophysiology
The pathophysiology of pneumonia involves the following steps:
01:29Pneumonia I: Introduction
Pneumonia is an infection of the lower respiratory tract that leads to inflammation of the lung parenchyma, often resulting in the accumulation of inflammatory exudate in the alveoli and airways. Unlike the watery, low-protein fluid exudate in pulmonary edema, the exudate in this case is a thick fluid rich in immune cells, proteins, and debris produced during infection and inflammation.This impairs gas exchange and can lead to consolidation of lung tissue. The infection may be caused by a...
01:30Pneumonia I: Introduction
Pneumonia is an acute respiratory infection that targets the lungs, specifically the alveoli. These tiny air sacs, essential for oxygen exchange, become engorged with pus and fluid, severely hindering breathing, decreasing oxygen absorption, and causing significant pain and discomfort during respiration.
Risk Factors
Various factors influence the likelihood of developing pneumonia. Age plays a crucial role, with infants, children under two, and individuals over 65 at increased risk due to their...
Risk Factors
Various factors influence the likelihood of developing pneumonia. Age plays a crucial role, with infants, children under two, and individuals over 65 at increased risk due to their...