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Poliomyelitis

Poliomyelitis

Poliomyelitis is caused by poliovirus, a small, non-enveloped, positive-sense RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family and Enterovirus genus. Transmission occurs primarily via the fecal-oral route, often through ingestion of contaminated water or food. The virus initially replicates in the oropharynx and intestinal mucosa, particularly in lymphoid tissues such as the tonsils, Peyer’s patches, and regional lymph nodes. Primary viremia follows, allowing dissemination throughout the body.In most...

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Evaluation of Host-Pathogen Responses and Vaccine Efficacy in Mice

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Published on: February 22, 2019

AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF PAROTITIS (MUMPS).

¹Laboratories of The Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research.

The Journal of Experimental Medicine

|October 30, 2009

Summary

Researchers found that sterile filtrates from mumps patients' saliva can induce mumps-like symptoms in cats. This suggests a filterable agent in saliva causes parotitis (mumps), though its exact nature requires further study.

Area of Science:

Virology
Pathology
Immunology

Background:

Mumps (parotitis) is a contagious viral disease affecting salivary glands.
The causative agent of mumps has been historically difficult to isolate and study.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the potential of salivary secretions from mumps patients to induce a similar pathological condition in animal models.
To characterize the early pathological and physiological changes following inoculation.

Main Methods:

Cats were inoculated with sterile filtrates of salivary secretions from children with active parotitis.
Physiological parameters (temperature, leukocytes) and organ changes (parotid gland, testicle) were monitored post-inoculation.
Histological examination of affected tissues was performed.

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Main Results:

Inoculated cats developed a condition resembling human mumps, with fever, leukocytosis, and swollen, tender parotid and testicular glands.
Specific changes included polymorphonuclear leukocytosis preceding glandular swelling, followed by lymphocytosis.
Histological findings included interstitial edema, mononuclear infiltration, duct dilation in parotid glands, and degeneration/spermatogenesis interference in testicles (spermatorrhexis).

Conclusions:

Salivary secretions during parotitis contain a filterable substance capable of inducing mumps-like pathology in cats.
The study provides evidence for a transmissible agent in mumps saliva, though its identity as a microorganism remains to be confirmed.