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A QUANTITATIVE THEORY OF THE PRECIPITIN REACTION : II. A STUDY OF AN AZOPROTEIN-ANTIBODY SYSTEM

M Heidelberger1, F E Kendall

  • 1Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, and the Presbyterian Hospital, New York.

The Journal of Experimental Medicine
|October 30, 2009
PubMed

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Precipitation Reactions

In a precipitation reaction, aqueous solutions of soluble salts react to give an insoluble ionic compound – the precipitate. The reaction occurs when oppositely charged ions in solution overcome their attraction for water and bind to each other, forming a precipitate that separates out from the solution. Since such reactions involve the exchange of ions between ionic compounds in aqueous solution, they are also referred to as double displacement, double replacement, exchange reactions, or...
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The experimental conditions in a gravimetric analysis should be optimized to maximize the particle size and purity of the obtained precipitate. Ideally, the concentration of the precipitating reagent should be low with effective stirring to maintain low relative supersaturation for the growth of large crystals. In homogeneous precipitation, the precipitant is slowly generated by a chemical reaction in the solution to avoid local reagent excesses. For example, urea decomposes gradually to...