Visual-evoked response binocular summation in normal and strabismic infants. Defining the critical period

Pattern visual-evoked response binocular summation (VERBS) was recorded in normal infants, between the ages of 1-58 months, and in similar-aged esotropic infants before and at various times after corrective surgery. The normal subjects had no significant VERBS at 1.5 months of age, developed a rapid acceleration of VERBS between 1.5-3 months, and then gradually declined in VERBS from 3-58 months. The peak of the VERBS by age function at 3 months was well in the facilitation range (greater than 2.0) and corresponded to the general age range for the onset of binocular eye alignment, fusion, and stereopsis. The results from the early-onset esotropic patients revealed a similar function to that found in normal subjects; however, the function was triggered by surgical eye alignment. The peak of the VERBS function for esotropic subjects was lower than normal, and the initial rise was less rapid. It is proposed that the VERBS function reflects the human critical period for the development of binocular vision. In this framework, data from both infant developmental studies and adult studies were clarified.