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Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Immunostaining-Based Detection of Dynamic Alterations in Red Blood Cell Proteins

Immunostaining-Based Detection of Dynamic Alterations in Red Blood Cell Proteins

Published on: March 17, 2023

ELECTROPHORETIC STUDIES ON HUMAN RED BLOOD CELLS.

R F Furchgott¹, E Ponder

¹The Biological Laboratory, Cold Spring Barber, Long Island.

The Journal of General Physiology

|October 30, 2009

Summary

Human red blood cell surface properties change below an ionic strength of 0.02. Electrophoretic mobility data suggest the red cell surface is primarily lipid-based with dominant strong acid groups.

Area of Science:

Biophysics
Cell Biology
Biochemistry

Background:

Understanding red blood cell surface properties is crucial for hematology and disease diagnosis.
Electrophoretic mobility is a key indicator of cell surface charge and behavior.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the electrophoretic mobility of human red blood cells.
To determine how ionic strength and pH affect red cell surface characteristics.
To elucidate the composition of the red blood cell surface.

Main Methods:

Electrophoretic mobility measurements of human red blood cells.
Varying ionic strength and pH conditions.
Analysis of lipid and stroma protein extracts.

Main Results:

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Red blood cell surface exhibits changes below an ionic strength of 0.02, indicating potential surface injury.
Isoelectric points for red cells, lipid extract, and stroma protein were determined as approximately 1.7, 2.6, and 4.7, respectively.
pH-mobility data suggest a lipid-dominated surface with strong acid groups.

Conclusions:

The human red blood cell surface is largely composed of lipids.
Strong acid groups, potentially from cephalin molecules, dominate the red cell surface charge.
Ionic strength significantly influences red blood cell surface behavior and integrity.