Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Centrifugation

Centrifugation

Centrifugation is a separation technique based on differences in density or size. It is commonly used to separate solids from aqueous interferents. During centrifugation, the sample is placed in centrifugation tubes and spun at high angular velocity, which allows centrifugal force to act differentially on the different densities or masses of the components. After spinning, the supernatant liquid is decanted. Depending on the specific application, either the pellet or the supernatant is retained...

Design Example: Aggregate Gradation

Design Example: Aggregate Gradation

The right type and quality of aggregates are crucial for concrete as they significantly influence its properties, mix proportions, and cost-effectiveness. If different sources are available for sand, the commonly used fine aggregate in concrete, the selection of sand is primarily based on its gradation.
The grading, or particle-size distribution, of sand is determined using sieve analysis, with standard sizes ranging from 150 μm to 10 mm (ASTM No. 100 sieve to 3⁄8 in. sieve). Sand is sampled...

Subcellular Fractionation

Subcellular Fractionation

The homogenate obtained after cell lysis contains various membrane-bound organelles that can be further separated into pure fractions by subcellular fractionation. These isolates are used to study specific cellular components, analyze localized protein activity, and are even employed in diagnostics. Fractionation is typically achieved using centrifugation methods, the most common being density-gradient and differential centrifugation.
Differential Centrifugation
Differential centrifugation is...

Filtration

Filtration

Filtration is a physical separation process that involves passing a suspension through a porous medium to separate solids from fluids. During filtration, solids collect on the porous medium while liquids, also collectively known as the filtrate, pass through. The filtration medium is selected based on the filtration purpose, quantity, and nature of the precipitate. The general criteria for a suitable filtering medium are that it is inert, mechanically strong, nonabsorbent toward dissolved...

Colloidal precipitates

Colloidal precipitates

The high insolubility of some precipitates can result in an unfavorable relative supersaturation. This can lead to colloidal particles with a large surface-to-mass ratio, where adsorption is promoted. For instance, in the precipitation of silver chloride, silver ions are adsorbed on the surface of the colloidal particles, forming a primary layer. This layer attracts ions of opposite charge (such as nitrate ions), forming a diffuse secondary layer of adsorbed ions. This electric double layer...

Dynamics of Circular Motion

Dynamics of Circular Motion

An object undergoing circular motion, like a race car, is accelerating because it is changing the direction of its velocity. This centrally directed acceleration is called centripetal acceleration. This acceleration acts along the radius of the curved path (thus is also referred to as radial acceleration).
Any acceleration must be produced by some force. Therefore, any force or combination of forces can cause centripetal acceleration. A few examples include the tension in the rope on a...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

AN AIR-DRIVEN ULTRACENTRIFUGE FOR MOLECULAR SEDIMENTATION.

The Journal of experimental medicine·2009

Same author

A HIGH SPEED VACUUM CENTRIFUGE SUITABLE FOR THE STUDY OF FILTERABLE VIRUSES.

The Journal of experimental medicine·2009

Same author

AN IMPROVED AIR-DRIVEN TYPE OF ULTRACENTRIFUGE FOR MOLECULAR SEDIMENTATION.

The Journal of experimental medicine·2009

Same author

A METHOD FOR DETERMINING THE DIFFERENTIAL SEDIMENTATION OF PROTEINS IN THE HIGH SPEED CONCENTRATION CENTRIFUGE.

The Journal of experimental medicine·2009

Same author

ULTRACENTRIFUGATION STUDIES ON THE ELEMENTARY BODIES OF VACCINE VIRUS : I. GENERAL METHODS AND DETERMINATION OF PARTICLE SIZE.

The Journal of experimental medicine·2009

Same author

ULTRACENTRIFUGATION STUDIES ON THE ELEMENTARY BODIES OF VACCINE VIRUS : II. THE INFLUENCE OF SUCROSE, GLYCEROL, AND UREA SOLUTIONS ON THE PHYSICAL NATURE OF VACCINE VIRUS.

The Journal of experimental medicine·2009

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Separation of Spermatogenic Cell Types Using STA-PUT Velocity Sedimentation

Separation of Spermatogenic Cell Types Using STA-PUT Velocity Sedimentation

Published on: October 9, 2013

SEDIMENTATION IN THE ANGLE CENTRIFUGE.

¹Laboratories of the International Health Division of The Rockefeller Foundation, New York.

The Journal of General Physiology

|October 30, 2009

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Centrifugation in open air is less efficient due to thermal convection. Adding a synthetic density gradient, like sucrose, effectively counteracts disturbances for improved particle size analysis.

More Related Videos

Sedimentation Equilibrium of a Small Oligomer-forming Membrane Protein: Effect of Histidine Protonation on Pentameric Stability

Sedimentation Equilibrium of a Small Oligomer-forming Membrane Protein: Effect of Histidine Protonation on Pentameric Stability

Published on: April 2, 2015

Assembly of Nucleosomal Arrays from Recombinant Core Histones and Nucleosome Positioning DNA

Assembly of Nucleosomal Arrays from Recombinant Core Histones and Nucleosome Positioning DNA

Published on: September 10, 2013

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Separation of Spermatogenic Cell Types Using STA-PUT Velocity Sedimentation

Separation of Spermatogenic Cell Types Using STA-PUT Velocity Sedimentation

Published on: October 9, 2013

Sedimentation Equilibrium of a Small Oligomer-forming Membrane Protein: Effect of Histidine Protonation on Pentameric Stability

Sedimentation Equilibrium of a Small Oligomer-forming Membrane Protein: Effect of Histidine Protonation on Pentameric Stability

Published on: April 2, 2015

Assembly of Nucleosomal Arrays from Recombinant Core Histones and Nucleosome Positioning DNA

Assembly of Nucleosomal Arrays from Recombinant Core Histones and Nucleosome Positioning DNA

Published on: September 10, 2013

Area of Science:

Biophysics
Biochemistry

Background:

Hemocyanin from Limulus polyphemus is a complex metalloprotein.
Sedimentation processes are crucial for understanding macromolecular behavior.

Purpose of the Study:

Investigate sedimentation in an angle centrifuge under vacuum vs. open air conditions.
Develop methods for improved sedimentation analysis and particle size determination.

Main Methods:

Utilized Limulus polyphemus hemocyanin as a model system.
Performed centrifugation in both vacuum and open air environments.
Correlated results with analytical ultracentrifuge data.

Main Results:

Open air centrifugation showed reduced efficiency due to thermal convection.
A theory for sedimentation in inclined tubes was developed.
Demonstrated the potential for approximate particle size determination using angle centrifugation.

Conclusions:

Thermal convection significantly impacts sedimentation efficiency in open air.
A synthetic density gradient (e.g., sucrose) effectively mitigates convective disturbances.
Optimized angle centrifugation can be a valuable tool for particle characterization.