Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 19, 2026
10:35
Novel Techniques for Observing Structural Dynamics of Photoresponsive Liquid Crystals
Published on: May 29, 2018
Mutually pumped phase conjugator with a rainbow configuration in BaTiO(3):Ce crystal using nanosecond pulses
Optics Letters
|October 31, 2009
Abstract:
A new type of mutually pumped phase conjugator with a rainbow configuration has been demonstrated experimentally in cerium-doped barium titanate crystal that uses pulsed beams with a pulse width of 3.0 ns and a repetition rate of 40 Hz at a wavelength of 532 nm. The highest phase-conjugate reflectivity was ~24%. The dependence of the phase-conjugate reflectivity on the incident angle and distance, as well as the grating formation time for achieving 1 - e(-1) of equilibrium reflectivity, has been measured.
Related Concept Videos
01:12Double Resonance Techniques: Overview
Double resonance techniques in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy involve the simultaneous application of two different frequencies or radiofrequency pulses to manipulate and observe two distinct nuclear spins. One important application of double resonance is spin decoupling, which selectively suppresses coupling with one type of nucleus while observing the NMR signal from another nucleus, simplifying the spectrum and enhancing resolution.
Spin decoupling is usually achieved by...
Spin decoupling is usually achieved by...
01:17NMR Spectrometers: Radiofrequency Pulses and Pulse Sequences
A pulse is a short burst of radio waves distributed over a range of frequencies that simultaneously excites all the nuclei in the sample. Upon passing a radio frequency pulse along the x-axis, the nuclei absorb energy corresponding to their Larmor frequencies and achieve resonance. This shifts the net magnetization vector from the z-axis toward the transverse plane. This angle of rotation of the magnetization vector, or the flip angle, is proportional to the duration and intensity of the pulse.