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Related Concept Videos

Psychosis and Antipsychotic Drugs: Overview01:28

Psychosis and Antipsychotic Drugs: Overview

The term "psychosis" refers to a spectrum of mental disorders characterized by abnormal thoughts, perceptions, and behaviors. It can manifest as mood disorders, dementia, delirium with psychotic features, substance-induced psychosis with psychotic features, brief psychotic disorder, delusional disorder, schizoaffective disorder, and schizophrenia. Among all these disorders, schizophrenia is the most common psychotic disorder, affecting 1% of the worldwide population. Psychotic symptoms in all...
Psychosis: Pathophysiology of Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders01:27

Psychosis: Pathophysiology of Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders

Schizophrenia is a neurodevelopmental disorder whose origins are rooted in complex genetic components. Despite our burgeoning understanding, the pathophysiology of this disorder remains incompletely deciphered.
Researchers have identified genetic factors that increase susceptibility to schizophrenia, underscoring the intricate interplay between genetics and environment in disease development. At the core of schizophrenia's pathophysiology is excessive dopaminergic neurotransmission within the...
Psychosis: Goals of Pharmacotherapy01:26

Psychosis: Goals of Pharmacotherapy

Antipsychotic drugs are a crucial treatment method for acute and chronic psychoses, bipolar illness, and behavioral disorders. The selection of these drugs depends on several factors, including the state of the disease, clinical judgment, possible drug interactions, and the patient's sensitivity to adverse effects. In immediate scenarios, such as delirium and dementia, short-term treatment with low doses of high-potency typical or atypical agents can effectively manage symptom exacerbation. For...
Classification of Illness01:17

Classification of Illness

The meaning of illness is individualized to each person who experiences an alteration in health. In contrast, disease is a medical term indicating a pathological change in the structure and function of the body or mind. It is a condition that has specific symptoms and boundaries.
An illness is a response to a disease in which the person's level of functioning is changed compared with a previous level. The general classification of illness includes acute and chronic.
Acute illness is severe and...
Antipsychotic Drugs: Typical and Atypical Agents01:21

Antipsychotic Drugs: Typical and Atypical Agents

Antipsychotic drugs are classified into first-generation (typical) drugs including phenothiazines; and second-generation (atypical) drugs. Chlorpromazine hydrochloride (Thorazine), a phenothiazine derivative, broadly impacts the central, autonomic, and endocrine systems. This drug, along with typical agents like haloperidol (Haldol), primarily works by antagonizing D2 receptors, thus reducing dopaminergic neurotransmission. However, typical antipsychotics can cause side effects such as sedation...
Schizophrenia01:17

Schizophrenia

Schizophrenia, a term introduced by Swiss psychiatrist Eugen Bleuler in 1911, describes a severe psychological disorder marked by profound disruptions in attention, thought processes, language, emotion, and interpersonal relationships. The core feature of schizophrenia is psychosis — a state characterized by a fundamental detachment from reality. This disconnection manifests through distorted logic, impaired perception, and atypical behavior, severely affecting the lives of those diagnosed.

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Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Handwriting Analysis Indicates Spontaneous Dyskinesias in Neuroleptic Naïve Adolescents at High Risk for Psychosis
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Handwriting Analysis Indicates Spontaneous Dyskinesias in Neuroleptic Naïve Adolescents at High Risk for Psychosis

Published on: November 21, 2013

Future classification of psychotic disorders.

Wolfgang Gaebel1, Jürgen Zielasek

  • 1Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany. wolfgang.gaebel@uni-duesseldorf.de

European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience
|October 31, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Developing a unified definition of psychosis is crucial for reclassifying psychotic disorders in upcoming diagnostic revisions. Future research may incorporate dimensional and prodromal criteria for enhanced classification.

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Implementation of a Real-Time Psychosis Risk Detection and Alerting System Based on Electronic Health Records using CogStack
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Published on: May 15, 2020

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Last Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Handwriting Analysis Indicates Spontaneous Dyskinesias in Neuroleptic Naïve Adolescents at High Risk for Psychosis
05:52

Handwriting Analysis Indicates Spontaneous Dyskinesias in Neuroleptic Naïve Adolescents at High Risk for Psychosis

Published on: November 21, 2013

Implementation of a Real-Time Psychosis Risk Detection and Alerting System Based on Electronic Health Records using CogStack
07:31

Implementation of a Real-Time Psychosis Risk Detection and Alerting System Based on Electronic Health Records using CogStack

Published on: May 15, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry
  • Psychopathology
  • Mental Health Diagnostics

Background:

  • Reclassification of psychotic disorders is planned for upcoming revisions of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV).
  • A unified and operationalized definition of "psychosis" is a prerequisite for these diagnostic revisions.
  • Current diagnostic systems require harmonization for consistent terminology and application.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline the necessary steps for reclassifying psychotic disorders.
  • To discuss the potential integration of dimensional criteria and prodromal symptoms.
  • To evaluate the current evidence base for incorporating new findings into diagnostic criteria.

Main Methods:

  • Conceptual analysis of diagnostic criteria.
  • Review of epidemiological and genetic studies.
  • Assessment of neuroimaging and neurophysiological research.

Main Results:

  • A unified definition of psychosis is essential for diagnostic revision.
  • Dimensional criteria and prodromal symptom criteria may become feasible.
  • Current evidence from genetic, neuroimaging, and neurophysiological studies is not yet sufficiently validated for major classification changes.

Conclusions:

  • Harmonizing diagnostic systems and developing a unified definition of psychosis are critical next steps.
  • Future research in genetics, neuroimaging, and neurophysiology holds promise for refining the classification of psychotic disorders.
  • Regular updates to classification criteria may be necessary due to rapid scientific advancements.