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From elements to modules: regulatory evolution in Ascomycota fungi.

Dana J Wohlbach1, Dawn Anne Thompson, Audrey P Gasch

  • 1Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.

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Regulatory divergence drives evolution. In Ascomycota fungi, gene expression changes are facilitated by flexibility and redundancy in regulatory networks, preserving functional organization.

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary biology
  • Genomics
  • Mycology

Background:

  • Regulatory divergence is a key evolutionary mechanism.
  • Comparative transcriptomics offers insights into gene regulation evolution.
  • Ascomycota fungi are ideal models for regulatory evolution studies due to their phylogenetic breadth, sequenced genomes, and analytical tractability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review gene expression divergence in Ascomycota.
  • To explore how this divergence aligns with modular transcriptional network organization.
  • To identify the mechanisms facilitating regulatory evolution.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative transcriptomics analysis.
  • Review of existing literature on Ascomycota gene expression and regulation.
  • Analysis of cis- and trans-regulatory elements.

Main Results:

  • Substantial gene expression divergence observed in Ascomycota.
  • Flexibility and redundancy in cis- and trans-regulation allow for significant changes in gene expression.
  • These changes range from single gene alterations to complete regulatory module rewiring.

Conclusions:

  • Redundancy in regulatory networks is a major driver of expression divergence.
  • This redundancy allows for evolutionary changes while maintaining functional coherence in transcriptional responses.
  • Understanding these mechanisms in Ascomycota provides a framework for studying regulatory evolution in eukaryotes.