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Related Concept Videos

Bone Remodeling01:40

Bone Remodeling

Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling01:31

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling

Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during bone...
Bone Remodeling and Repair01:31

Bone Remodeling and Repair

Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during bone...
Bone Formation by Endochondral Ossification01:24

Bone Formation by Endochondral Ossification

Bone formation, or ossification, begins around the sixth to seventh week of embryonic development. Most bones develop from a cartilaginous template through the process of endochondral ossification. Cartilage formation begins when clusters of mesenchymal cells differentiate into chondrocytes. These chondrocytes proliferate rapidly and secrete an extracellular matrix that becomes encased in a membrane called the perichondrium. The resulting cartilage model provides a template that resembles the...
Fractures: Bone Repair01:27

Fractures: Bone Repair

Treatment for a fracture is based on the type of break, the bone affected, and the patient's age.
Minor fractures with no bone displacement are treated by immobilizing the fractured bone using a cast or splint. However, in the case of fractures with displaced bones, the broken bones are repositioned before immobilization to ensure successful healing without deformation and loss of function. The realignment of fractured bone ends is performed through a process called reduction. If the procedure...
Bone Formation by Intramembranous Ossification01:29

Bone Formation by Intramembranous Ossification

Intramembranous ossification is one of the two processes involved in the development of bones within an embryo. The flat bones of the face, most of the cranial bones, and the clavicles are formed via this process. During intramembranous ossification, the bones develop directly from sheets of undifferentiated mesenchymal connective tissue.
The process begins when mesenchymal cells in the embryonic skeleton gather together and differentiate into osteogenic cells, which then develop into...

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Using Inducible Osteoblastic Lineage-Specific Stat3 Knockout Mice to Study Alveolar Bone Remodeling During Orthodontic Tooth Movement
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Using Inducible Osteoblastic Lineage-Specific Stat3 Knockout Mice to Study Alveolar Bone Remodeling During Orthodontic Tooth Movement

Published on: July 21, 2023

Bone modeling and remodeling.

Ego Seeman1

  • 1Department of Endocrinology, Repatriation Campus, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia. egos@unimelb.edu.au

Critical Reviews in Eukaryotic Gene Expression
|November 4, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Bone remodeling adapts bone structure to mechanical loading and damage. Aging bone exhibits reduced resorption and formation, leading to net bone loss and fragility, necessitating further research into structural decay mechanisms.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Skeletal Biology
  • Cellular Biology

Background:

  • Bone modeling and remodeling are crucial for maintaining skeletal strength and adapting to mechanical loads.
  • Damage initiates bone remodeling through osteocyte apoptosis and signaling to bone remodeling compartments (BRCs).
  • Cellular interactions within BRCs regulate bone volume by controlling resorption and formation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the mechanisms of age-related changes in bone remodeling.
  • To understand how these changes contribute to net bone loss and fragility.
  • To identify potential targets for preventing and reversing bone fragility.

Main Methods:

  • The study reviews existing literature on bone remodeling processes.
  • It analyzes the impact of aging on bone remodeling at the cellular and tissue levels.
  • Mechanisms of osteocyte signaling and cellular interactions within BRCs are discussed.

Main Results:

  • Advancing age is associated with reduced bone volume resorbed and formed per basic multicellular unit (BMU), resulting in a net negative BMU balance.
  • Bone remodeling rate increases in midlife (women) and later life (both sexes).
  • Age-related decline in periosteal apposition contributes to net bone loss and fragility.

Conclusions:

  • Aging significantly alters bone remodeling dynamics, leading to decreased bone strength and increased fragility.
  • Understanding these age-related changes is key to developing interventions for bone fragility.
  • Further research into the mechanisms of structural decay may reveal novel therapeutic strategies.