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Stroke burden and risk factors in developing countries with special reference to India
Subhash Kaul1, V C S Srinivasarao Bandaru, A Suvarna
1Department of Neurology, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad 500082.
Journal of the Indian Medical Association
|November 6, 2009
Summary
Stroke incidence is rising in India, unlike in developed nations, due to lifestyle changes and genetic factors. Public awareness of stroke risk factors and prevention is crucial to reduce its impact.
Area of Science:
- Neurology
- Public Health
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Stroke poses a significant and growing health challenge in India, with incidence rates increasing unlike in developed countries.
- Socio-economic shifts, altered lifestyles, and increased lifespan contribute to a higher stroke burden.
- Genetic predisposition, including a high prevalence of metabolic syndrome, may also play a role in Indians.
Purpose of the Study:
- To highlight the rising stroke burden in India.
- To identify key factors contributing to the increasing stroke incidence.
- To emphasize the need for public awareness and prevention strategies.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of stroke incidence rates in India compared to Western nations.
- Review of lifestyle, socio-economic, and genetic factors associated with stroke.
- Examination of stroke subtypes and common mechanisms in the Indian population.
Main Results:
- India's annual stroke incidence rate is 145 per 100,000 population, exceeding Western rates.
- Ischaemic strokes constitute up to 80% of cases in India, with intracranial atherosclerosis being a primary cause.
- 10-15% of strokes in India affect individuals under 40 years old.
Conclusions:
- Urgent public health interventions are needed to address the escalating stroke epidemic in India.
- Raising awareness about stroke risk factors, including hypertension, diabetes, and hyperlipidaemia, is essential for prevention.
- Targeted prevention strategies are critical to mitigate the high mortality and morbidity associated with stroke in India.
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