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Related Concept Videos

Muscles of the Shoulder01:23

Muscles of the Shoulder

The muscles surrounding the shoulder girdle, including the clavicle and scapula, primarily stabilize the scapula. This stable base allows other muscles to move the humerus effectively. Scapular movements often mirror those of the humerus and extend its range of motion. For instance, raising the arm above the head would not be feasible without simultaneous upward rotation of the scapula.
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During an ultrasonography procedure, a handheld device called a...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Measuring 3D In-vivo Shoulder Kinematics using Biplanar Videoradiography
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Published on: March 12, 2021

Imaging shoulder instability in the athlete.

Diane Bergin1

  • 1Department of Radiology, Galway University Hospital, Galway, Ireland. diane.bergin@hse.ie

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America
|November 6, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Shoulder pain in athletes often stems from glenohumeral instability. Magnetic resonance (MR) arthrography is key for diagnosing these injuries, especially labroligamentous tears, in athletes involved in overhead activities.

Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic Sports Medicine
  • Radiology
  • Athletic Training

Background:

  • Overhead and throwing athletes commonly experience shoulder pain.
  • Glenohumeral instability is a significant factor in sports-related shoulder injuries.
  • Instability can arise from traumatic, atraumatic, or microtraumatic causes, leading to secondary impingement and intra-articular damage in athletes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the imaging techniques for diagnosing shoulder instability in athletes.
  • To emphasize the role of MR arthrography in evaluating glenohumeral instability and associated labroligamentous injuries.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on shoulder instability in athletes.
  • Focus on Magnetic Resonance (MR) arthrography as the primary diagnostic imaging modality.

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  • Discussion of imaging findings related to traumatic, atraumatic, and microtraumatic instability.

    • Main Results:

    • Glenohumeral instability is a frequent cause of shoulder pain in athletes.
    • MR arthrography is highly effective in identifying glenohumeral instability.
    • MR arthrography accurately diagnoses labroligamentous injuries associated with instability.

    Conclusions:

    • MR arthrography is the preferred imaging method for athletes with suspected glenohumeral instability.
    • Early and accurate diagnosis of instability-related injuries is crucial for athletes.
    • Understanding imaging characteristics aids in managing sports-related shoulder pain.