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Related Concept Videos

Phase Contrast and Differential Interference Contrast Microscopy01:26

Phase Contrast and Differential Interference Contrast Microscopy

Phase-Contrast Microscopes
In-phase-contrast microscopes, interference between light directly passing through a cell and light refracted by cellular components is used to create high-contrast, high-resolution images without staining. It is the oldest and simplest type of microscope that creates an image by altering the wavelengths of light rays passing through the specimen. Altered wavelength paths are created using an annular stop in the condenser. The annular stop produces a hollow cone of...
Imaging Biological Samples with Optical Microscopy01:18

Imaging Biological Samples with Optical Microscopy

Optical microscopy uses optic principles to provide detailed images of samples. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek designed the first compound optical microscope in the 17th century to visualize blood cells, bacteria, and yeast cells. In 1830, Joseph Jackson Lister created an essentially modern light microscope. The 20th century saw the development of microscopes with enhanced magnification and resolution.
In optical microscopy, the specimen to be viewed is placed on a glass slide and clipped on the stage...
Histogram01:05

Histogram

The histogram is a graphical representation in the x-y form of data distribution in a data set. The horizontal x-axis is labeled with what the data represents (for instance, distance from your home to school). The vertical y-axis is labeled either frequency or relative frequency (or percent frequency or probability).
A histogram graph consists of contiguous (adjoining) boxes. The heights of the bars correspond to frequency values. The graph will have the same shape with respective labels. The...
Blinding01:11

Blinding

Blinding is a commonly used method of not telling participants which treatment a subject is receiving. Blinding is a critical part of a randomized control trial or RCT. It reduces the bias that affects the results. In an RCT, blinding is used in the form of a placebo. A placebo effect occurs when untreated subjects falsely believe they have received the treatment and report improved symptoms. A placebo or a dummy treatment is administered to subjects to negate the bias caused by such an effect.
Downsampling01:20

Downsampling

When considering a sampled sequence with zero values between sampling instants, one can replace it by taking every N-th value of the sequence. At these integer multiples of N, the original and sampled sequences coincide. This process, known as decimation, involves extracting every N-th sample from a sequence, thereby creating a more efficient sequence.
The Fourier transform of the decimated sequence reveals a combination of scaled and shifted versions of the original spectrum. This...
Aliasing01:18

Aliasing

Accurate signal sampling and reconstruction are crucial in various signal-processing applications. A time-domain signal's spectrum can be revealed using its Fourier transform. When this signal is sampled at a specific frequency, it results in multiple scaled replicas of the original spectrum in the frequency domain. The spacing of these replicas is determined by the sampling frequency.
If the sampling frequency is below the Nyquist rate, these replicas overlap, preventing the original signal...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Quantifying Microglia Morphology from Photomicrographs of Immunohistochemistry Prepared Tissue Using ImageJ
08:44

Quantifying Microglia Morphology from Photomicrographs of Immunohistochemistry Prepared Tissue Using ImageJ

Published on: June 5, 2018

Image thumbnails that represent blur and noise.

Ramin Samadani1, Timothy A Mauer, David M Berfanger

  • 1Hewlett-Packard Labs, Multimedia Communications andNetwork Lab, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. ramin.samadani@hp.com

IEEE Transactions on Image Processing : a Publication of the IEEE Signal Processing Society
|November 6, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

New image thumbnails preserve blur and noise information from originals, aiding quality assessment. This efficient algorithm helps users quickly identify high-quality images during browsing.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Quantifying Microglia Morphology from Photomicrographs of Immunohistochemistry Prepared Tissue Using ImageJ
08:44

Quantifying Microglia Morphology from Photomicrographs of Immunohistochemistry Prepared Tissue Using ImageJ

Published on: June 5, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Computer Vision
  • Image Processing
  • Digital Signal Processing

Background:

  • Standard image thumbnails lose original blur and noise details.
  • This loss hinders distinguishing between high-quality and low-quality images during browsing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an efficient algorithm for generating thumbnails that preserve local blur and noise.
  • To improve image browsing by enabling better quality assessment.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing a scale-space expansion to estimate local blur in thumbnails.
  • Applying a space-varying blur based on the estimated local blur.
  • Employing multirate signal transformations for noise estimation and rendering at lower sampling rates.

Main Results:

  • New thumbnails effectively represent original image blur.
  • The blur-generating component is consistently advantageous.
  • The noise-generating component benefits noisy images but can degrade textured images.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed thumbnail generation method enhances image quality identification.
  • The blur component is recommended for all applications.
  • The noise component's use requires application-specific testing based on image content.