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Related Concept Videos

Autophagy01:27

Autophagy

Autophagy is a self-digesting process by which a cell protects itself from threats both within and outside the cell, ranging from abnormal proteins to invading bacteria. In this process, obsolete components of the cell and invading microbes are degraded by hydrolytic enzymes active in an acidic environment of the lysosomal lumen.
An autophagic pathway consists of a series of signaling events activated in response to diverse stress and physiological conditions such as food deprivation,...
Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens01:31

Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens

The human immune system is a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to defend the body against bacterial infections. It consists of various immune cells, each playing a specific role in the defense mechanism.
Phagocytes
Phagocytes are the frontline soldiers of the immune system. They include neutrophils and macrophages. Neutrophils are the most abundant type of white blood cell and are quickly mobilized to the site of infection. Macrophages are larger cells that patrol...
Delivery Pathways to the Lysosome01:36

Delivery Pathways to the Lysosome

Eukaryotic cells use different mechanisms to eliminate toxic waste obsolete and worn-out substances. Lysosomes play a pivotal role in this, and hence, these substances are carried to the lysosome from other parts of the cell and extracellular space through different pathways. The most elaborately studied pathways to the lysosome are the endocytic pathways.
Endocytosis
In endocytosis, the cell membrane takes up macromolecules and particles from the surrounding medium. Clathrin-mediated...
Cellular Injury V: Apoptosis and Autophagy01:22

Cellular Injury V: Apoptosis and Autophagy

Cells respond to damage and stress through highly coordinated processes that decide whether they survive or undergo controlled self-destruction. Two major pathways involved in this regulation are apoptosis, a type of programmed cell death, and autophagy, a survival mechanism that helps cells adapt to adverse conditions.ApoptosisApoptosis removes aged or injured cells to maintain tissue balance. During this process, the cell shrinks, chromatin condenses and fragments, and membrane-bound...
Autophagic Cell Death01:18

Autophagic Cell Death

Christian de Duve discovered “autophagy,” a process in which cellular components are engulfed by membrane-bound organelles called autophagosomes. The autophagosomes then fuse with lysosomes to digest the enclosed contents. Autophagy is generally activated in cells to prevent cell death. However, cell death is triggered when the damage is beyond repair.
Autophagy and Apoptosis
Autophagy can activate apoptosis. In normal conditions, the autophagy activating protein Beclin-1 and pro-apoptotic...
Determinants of Bacterial Pathogenicity and Virulence01:20

Determinants of Bacterial Pathogenicity and Virulence

Pathogenic bacteria employ a variety of strategies to establish infections, including the secretion of extracellular enzymes that act as potent virulence factors. These enzymes facilitate bacterial colonization of host tissues and help evade immune surveillance. By targeting structural components of host tissues and interfering with immune mechanisms, these enzymes play a pivotal role in disease progression.Extracellular Enzymes Facilitating Tissue Invasion: Several bacterial pathogens secrete...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Use of Shigella flexneri to Study Autophagy-Cytoskeleton Interactions
12:52

Use of Shigella flexneri to Study Autophagy-Cytoskeleton Interactions

Published on: September 9, 2014

Bacterial pathogens and the autophagic response.

María C Lerena1, Cristina L Vázquez, María I Colombo

  • 1Instituto de Histología y Embriología-CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina.

Cellular Microbiology
|November 6, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Autophagy, a cellular process, helps eliminate pathogens. However, some bacteria manipulate autophagy for survival, while the host cell uses it for defense against microbial infections.

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Microbiology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Host cell recognition and pathogen removal are vital for controlling microbial infections.
  • Intracellular survival and replication are strategies employed by various microorganisms.
  • Autophagy is a fundamental cellular process for maintaining homeostasis and quality control.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review bacterial pathogen strategies for modulating host cell autophagy.
  • To elucidate the role of autophagy as a protective mechanism for host cells.
  • To discuss recent findings on non-classical autophagy in pathogen containment.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of bacterial pathogenesis and autophagy.
  • Analysis of host-pathogen interactions involving autophagy.

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Cecal Ligation and Puncture-induced Sepsis as a Model To Study Autophagy in Mice
06:40

Cecal Ligation and Puncture-induced Sepsis as a Model To Study Autophagy in Mice

Published on: February 9, 2014

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Use of Shigella flexneri to Study Autophagy-Cytoskeleton Interactions
12:52

Use of Shigella flexneri to Study Autophagy-Cytoskeleton Interactions

Published on: September 9, 2014

Cecal Ligation and Puncture-induced Sepsis as a Model To Study Autophagy in Mice
06:40

Cecal Ligation and Puncture-induced Sepsis as a Model To Study Autophagy in Mice

Published on: February 9, 2014

  • Synthesis of recent research on LC3 association with pathogen compartments.

    • Main Results:

    • Bacterial pathogens have evolved diverse mechanisms to hijack or evade autophagy.
    • Autophagy acts as a crucial defense pathway, promoting the clearance of intracellular microbes.
    • Emerging evidence suggests non-canonical roles of autophagy, like LC3 recruitment, in pathogen sequestration.

    Conclusions:

    • Understanding bacterial manipulation of autophagy is key to developing new antimicrobial strategies.
    • Harnessing the host's autophagic machinery offers a promising avenue for infection control.
    • Further research into non-classical autophagy pathways is essential for a comprehensive view of host defense.