Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Cause and Effect01:53

Cause and Effect

While variables are sometimes correlated because one does cause the other, it could also be that some other factor, a confounding variable, is actually causing the systematic movement in our variables of interest. For instance, as sales in ice cream increase, so does the overall rate of crime. Is it possible that indulging in your favorite flavor of ice cream could send you on a crime spree? Or, after committing crime do you think you might decide to treat yourself to a cone?
Perceptual Constancy01:12

Perceptual Constancy

Perceptual constancy is the ability to recognize that objects remain consistent and unchanged even when their appearance varies due to changes in sensory input. There are four main types of perceptual constancy: size constancy, shape constancy, color constancy, and brightness constancy.
Size constancy is the recognition that an object remains the same size, even when its image on the retina changes. For instance, a bus is perceived to be large enough to carry people, even if it looks tiny from...
Natural and Artificial Concepts01:24

Natural and Artificial Concepts

In psychology, concepts can be divided into two categories: natural and artificial. Natural concepts are formed through direct or indirect experiences. For example, consider the concept of snow. If you live in a place with regular snowfall, such as Essex Junction, Vermont, you know snow through direct experiences. You’ve seen it fall, touched it, shoveled it, and played in it. You recognize its texture, appearance, and even its smell. In contrast, if you live on an island like Saint Vincent in...
Schemas01:42

Schemas

A schema is a mental construct consisting of a cluster or collection of related concepts (Bartlett, 1932). There are many different types of schemata, and they all have one thing in common: schemata are a method of organizing information that allows the brain to work more efficiently. When a schema is activated, the brain makes immediate assumptions about the person or object being observed.
Gestalt Principles of Perception01:21

Gestalt Principles of Perception

Gestalt principles provide a framework for understanding how humans perceive objects as unified wholes within their context. These principles are essential in explaining the cognitive processes that make sense of complex visual stimuli by organizing them into coherent groups. One fundamental principle is proximity, which posits that objects located close to each other are perceived as a collective group. For instance, when dots are positioned near one another, the visual system interprets them...
False Memories01:18

False Memories

False memories represent a cognitive distortion in which individuals recall events that did not happen, or remember them in an altered form. This phenomenon highlights the brain's constructive nature in processing and recalling memories, emphasizing that memory is not a perfect representation of past events but rather a dynamic reconstruction influenced by various factors.
One primary source of false memories is misattribution, where individuals incorrectly associate external information with...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Lay beliefs about the badness, likelihood, and importance of human extinction.

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

Are moral people happier? Answers from reputation-based measures of moral character.

Journal of personality and social psychology·2025
Same author

Mistakes in Thinking about Cognitive Science and How to Reduce Them.

eNeuro·2024
Same author

Reasoning From Quantified Modal Premises.

Cognitive science·2024
Same author

Reasoning about possibilities: Modal logics, possible worlds, and mental models.

Psychonomic bulletin & review·2024
Same author

How and why people want to be more moral.

Journal of personality·2023
Same journal

Corrigendum to "Productivity matters for the neural processing of novel words, but not existing ones" Cognition Volume 274 (2026) 106593.

Cognition·2026
Same journal

Investigating the origins of partisanship: What motivates children to preferentially endorse their ingroups' claims?

Cognition·2026
Same journal

People make graded judgments about the inconceivable.

Cognition·2026
Same journal

The self as an image: Appearance and belief in visual representations of one's own face.

Cognition·2026
Same journal

Corrigendum to 'Consonant, vowel, and tone cues in early wordform recognition: Evidence from Cantonese-learning infants' [Cognition 275 (2026) 106624].

Cognition·2026
Same journal

Identifying distinct sources of whole number interference in children's decimal comparison: the role of numerical magnitude and inhibitory control.

Cognition·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Applying Incongruent Visual-Tactile Stimuli during Object Transfer with Vibro-Tactile Feedback
05:43

Applying Incongruent Visual-Tactile Stimuli during Object Transfer with Vibro-Tactile Feedback

Published on: May 23, 2019

Conceptual illusions.

Geoffrey P Goodwin1, P N Johnson-Laird

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, 3720 Walnut St, Solomon Lab Bldg, Philadelphia, PA 19146, USA. ggoodwin@psych.upenn.edu

Cognition
|November 7, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study explores how people mentally represent concepts involving negation and logical relations. Findings reveal predictable cognitive illusions arising from simplified mental models, impacting concept understanding and recall.

More Related Videos

Methods to Explore the Influence of Top-down Visual Processes on Motor Behavior
09:49

Methods to Explore the Influence of Top-down Visual Processes on Motor Behavior

Published on: April 16, 2014

Creating Virtual-hand and Virtual-face Illusions to Investigate Self-representation
06:53

Creating Virtual-hand and Virtual-face Illusions to Investigate Self-representation

Published on: March 1, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Applying Incongruent Visual-Tactile Stimuli during Object Transfer with Vibro-Tactile Feedback
05:43

Applying Incongruent Visual-Tactile Stimuli during Object Transfer with Vibro-Tactile Feedback

Published on: May 23, 2019

Methods to Explore the Influence of Top-down Visual Processes on Motor Behavior
09:49

Methods to Explore the Influence of Top-down Visual Processes on Motor Behavior

Published on: April 16, 2014

Creating Virtual-hand and Virtual-face Illusions to Investigate Self-representation
06:53

Creating Virtual-hand and Virtual-face Illusions to Investigate Self-representation

Published on: March 1, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Mental Representation
  • Logic and Reasoning

Background:

  • Many everyday concepts involve negation and logical operators (e.g., AND, OR).
  • Understanding how these complex concepts are mentally represented is crucial for cognitive science.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the mental representation of concepts involving negation and logical relations.
  • To propose and test a mental model theory for concept representation.

Main Methods:

  • Participants were presented with descriptions of concepts involving negation and logical relations.
  • Experimental studies (Experiments 1-3) were conducted to observe conceptual illusions.
  • The effects of specific predicates on alleviating these illusions were examined.

Main Results:

  • Individuals exhibited predictable conceptual illusions, misclassifying instances and non-instances of concepts.
  • These illusions stem from a mental representation strategy that simplifies working memory demands.
  • Specific predicates were found to mitigate these cognitive illusions.

Conclusions:

  • The mental model theory provides a parsimonious explanation for concept representation involving negation and logical operators.
  • The findings highlight the role of working memory limitations in shaping conceptual understanding.
  • The study offers insights into cognitive biases and their potential remediation.