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Related Concept Videos

Complexometric Titration: Ligands00:43

Complexometric Titration: Ligands

Different monodentate and polydentate ligands are used as complexing agents in complexometric titration reactions. The formation of complexes by mono- and bidentate ligands involves two or more intermediate steps, limiting their use as complexing agents. In comparison, polydentate ligands can form complexes with metal ions in a single-step process, facilitating sharper end points. This means polydentate ligands, such as amino carboxylic acid derivatives, are most commonly employed in...
Complexation Equilibria: The Chelate Effect01:19

Complexation Equilibria: The Chelate Effect

In complexation reactions, metal atoms or cations interact with ligands to form donor-acceptor adducts called metal complexes. Ligands that bind through one donor site are monodentate, ligands with two donor sites are bidentate, and those with more than two donor sites are polydentate ligands. For example, ethylene diamine is a bidentate ligand that binds through two nitrogen donor atoms, forming a five-membered ring. EDTA is a polydentate ligand that binds through four oxygen and two nitrogen...
Metal-Ligand Bonds02:51

Metal-Ligand Bonds

The hemoglobin in the blood, the chlorophyll in green plants, vitamin B-12, and the catalyst used in the manufacture of polyethylene all contain coordination compounds. Ions of the metals, especially the transition metals, are likely to form complexes.
In these complexes, transition metals form coordinate covalent bonds, a kind of Lewis acid-base interaction in which both of the electrons in the bond are contributed by a donor (Lewis base) to an electron acceptor (Lewis acid). The Lewis acid in...
Complexation Equilibria: Factors Influencing Stability of Complexes01:09

Complexation Equilibria: Factors Influencing Stability of Complexes

In complexation reactions, metal cations are the electron pair acceptors, and the ligands are the electron pair donors. The stability of the metal complexes depends primarily on the complexing ability of the central metal ion and the nature of the ligands. Generally, the complexing ability of the metal ion depends on the size and charge of the ion. As the metal ion size increases, the stability of the metal complexes decreases, provided that the valency of the metal ion and the ligands remain...
Preparation and Reactions of Sulfides02:26

Preparation and Reactions of Sulfides

Sulfides are the sulfur analog of ethers, just as thiols are the sulfur analog of alcohol. Like ethers, sulfides also consist of two hydrocarbon groups bonded to the central sulfur atom. Depending upon the type of groups present, sulfides can be symmetrical or asymmetrical. Symmetrical sulfides can be prepared via an SN2 reaction between 2 equivalents of an alkyl halide and one equivalent of sodium sulfide.
Valence Bond Theory02:42

Valence Bond Theory

Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 18, 2026

Synthesis of a Thiol Building Block for the Crystallization of a Semiconducting Gyroidal Metal-sulfur Framework
12:30

Synthesis of a Thiol Building Block for the Crystallization of a Semiconducting Gyroidal Metal-sulfur Framework

Published on: April 9, 2018

Titanium complexes with sulfur-linked bis(phenolate) ligands.

Thomas S Dols1, Thomas P Spaniol, Jun Okuda

  • 1Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52056 Aachen, Germany. thomas.spaniol@ac.rwth-aachen.de

Acta Crystallographica. Section C, Crystal Structure Communications
|November 7, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

High-quality titanium complexes were synthesized using reactive crystallization, serving as model precatalysts. X-ray diffraction data will elucidate interactions between sulfur and titanium centers.

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Amide Coupling Reaction for the Synthesis of Bispyridine-based Ligands and Their Complexation to Platinum as Dinuclear Anticancer Agents
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Amide Coupling Reaction for the Synthesis of Bispyridine-based Ligands and Their Complexation to Platinum as Dinuclear Anticancer Agents

Published on: May 28, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Organometallic Chemistry
  • Crystallography
  • Catalysis

Background:

  • Bis(phenolate)titanium complexes are crucial in catalysis.
  • Understanding ligand-metal interactions is key for catalyst design.
  • Model compounds are needed to study fundamental properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize novel bis(phenolate)titanium complexes.
  • To obtain high-quality crystals for detailed structural analysis.
  • To investigate the interactions between sulfur donors and the titanium center.

Main Methods:

  • Reactive crystallization was employed for synthesis.
  • X-ray diffraction was used for structural determination.
  • Solvent-dependent crystallization was explored.

Main Results:

  • Two bis(phenolate)titanium(IV) complexes, [Ti(C(20)H(22)O(2)S(2))Cl(2)] (I) and [Ti(C(18)H(18)O(2)S(2))Cl(2)] (II), were successfully synthesized.
  • Compound (II) was obtained in unsolvated and toluene hemisolvate forms.
  • Complex (I) exhibits crystallographic C(2) symmetry.

Conclusions:

  • These complexes serve as ideal model precatalysts due to the absence of bulky substituents.
  • High-quality crystallographic data will aid in understanding soft S-hard Ti interactions.
  • The study provides foundational insights into titanium complex structures and potential catalytic applications.