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Related Concept Videos

Peptic Ulcer01:27

Peptic Ulcer

Peptic ulcers are erosive lesions of the gastric or duodenal lining, most commonly caused by Helicobacter pylori infection. This Gram-negative, helical bacterium has adapted to survive the stomach’s acidic environment by producing urease, which converts urea into ammonia and carbon dioxide. The ammonia neutralizes gastric acid in the bacterium’s immediate environment, allowing colonization of the gastric mucosa. H. pylori attaches to mucus-secreting epithelial cells, penetrates the mucus...
Desmosomes01:05

Desmosomes

The term desmosome derives from the Greek words "desmo" and "soma" meaning "adhesion bodies." This structure was first observed during the late 1800s and described as small, dense nodules in the epidermis. Desmosomes are button-like structures that help form an interlinked network of intermediate filaments across the cells. These junctions are  essential to hold cells together under mechanical stress and to maintain tissue integrity. Desmosomes are multi-protein complexes comprising desmosomal...
Peptic Ulcer Disease I: Introduction01:30

Peptic Ulcer Disease I: Introduction

Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD) is characterized by mucosal excavation in the esophagus, stomach, pylorus, or duodenum. It can manifest as acute or chronic based on the extent and duration of mucosal involvement.
An acute ulcer, marked by superficial erosion and minimal inflammation, swiftly resolves upon identifying and addressing the underlying cause. In contrast, a chronic ulcer persists, potentially eroding through the muscular wall and forming fibrous tissue.
Peptic ulcers can also be...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 18, 2026

Technique of Conjunctival Biopsy and Direct Immunofluorescence for Diagnosing Mucous Membrane Pemphigoid
05:05

Technique of Conjunctival Biopsy and Direct Immunofluorescence for Diagnosing Mucous Membrane Pemphigoid

Published on: June 17, 2025

Oral pemphigus.

M D Mignogna1, G Fortuna, S Leuci

  • 1Oral Medicine Unit, Department of Odontostomatologica and Maxillo-facial Science, School of Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples, Italy. mignogna@unina.it

Minerva Stomatologica
|November 7, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pemphigus is a severe autoimmune blistering disease caused by antibodies against desmogleins. Diagnosis involves biopsy and antibody tests, with treatments focusing on immunosuppression and newer therapies like Rituximab.

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Granulocyte-dependent Autoantibody-induced Skin Blistering
12:23

Granulocyte-dependent Autoantibody-induced Skin Blistering

Published on: October 12, 2012

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Last Updated: Jun 18, 2026

Technique of Conjunctival Biopsy and Direct Immunofluorescence for Diagnosing Mucous Membrane Pemphigoid
05:05

Technique of Conjunctival Biopsy and Direct Immunofluorescence for Diagnosing Mucous Membrane Pemphigoid

Published on: June 17, 2025

Granulocyte-dependent Autoantibody-induced Skin Blistering
12:23

Granulocyte-dependent Autoantibody-induced Skin Blistering

Published on: October 12, 2012

Area of Science:

  • Immunodermatology
  • Autoimmune Blistering Diseases

Background:

  • Pemphigus encompasses life-threatening autoimmune conditions causing skin and mucosal blisters.
  • Antibodies targeting desmoglein 1 and 3 (Dsg1/Dsg3) are implicated, with varying distributions leading to different clinical presentations.
  • Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is the most common form, influenced by genetic factors (HLA class II) and specific ethnic predispositions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the understanding of pemphigus, including its pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment.
  • To highlight the role of autoantibodies against desmogleins in disease manifestation.
  • To review current and emerging therapeutic strategies for pemphigus.

Main Methods:

  • Diagnosis relies on perilesional tissue biopsy, histological examination, and immunological assays.
  • Serum autoantibodies (anti-Dsg1/Dsg3) are detected via indirect immunofluorescence on normal human skin/monkey esophagus or ELISA.
  • Genetic associations with HLA class II alleles are noted.

Main Results:

  • Pemphigus is characterized by IgG autoantibodies against Dsg1 and/or Dsg3.
  • Clinical presentation varies based on antibody targets.
  • Oral lesions, including vesiculobullous and ulcerative types, are common.

Conclusions:

  • Effective diagnosis requires a multi-parameter approach.
  • Treatment aims to suppress inflammation and autoantibody production for remission.
  • Corticosteroids are standard, with newer options like IVIg and Rituximab showing promise for improved safety and efficacy.