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Related Concept Videos

Ferromagnetism01:31

Ferromagnetism

Materials like iron, nickel, and cobalt consist of magnetic domains, within which the magnetic dipoles are arranged parallel to each other. The magnetic dipoles are rigidly aligned in the same direction within a domain by quantum mechanical coupling among the atoms. This coupling is so strong that even thermal agitation at room temperature cannot break it. The result is that each domain has a net dipole moment. However, some materials have weaker coupling, and are ferromagnetic at lower...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 18, 2026

Measuring Magnetically-Tuned Ferroelectric Polarization in Liquid Crystals
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Published on: August 15, 2018

Deterministic control of ferroelastic switching in multiferroic materials.

N Balke1, S Choudhury, S Jesse

  • 1The Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA. balken@ornl.gov

Nature Nanotechnology
|November 7, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Researchers achieved deterministic ferroelastic switching in multiferroic BiFeO3 using a scanning probe. This allows electrical control over elastic, magnetic, and toroidal order parameters for advanced devices.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Multiferroic materials exhibit coupled electric, magnetic, and elastic properties, offering potential for novel memory and logic devices.
  • Deterministic control of non-ferroelectric order parameters in multiferroics has been a significant challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate deterministic ferroelastic switching in rhombohedral BiFeO3.
  • To achieve electrical control over elastic, magnetic, and ferrotoroidal order parameters.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing scanning probe microscopy for domain nucleation.
  • Applying voltage to a scanning probe during lateral motion for controlled switching.
  • Investigating rhombohedral Bismuth Ferrite (BiFeO3) as the multiferroic material.

Main Results:

  • Successfully demonstrated deterministic ferroelastic switching in BiFeO3.
  • Achieved selective control over final states with identical electrostatic energy but differing elastic or magnetic order.
  • Showcased the controlled creation of a ferrotoroidal order parameter.

Conclusions:

  • Electric field control of local elastic, magnetic, and toroidal order parameters is feasible.
  • This capability enables probing local strain and magnetic ordering.
  • Paves the way for engineering magnetoelectric, domain-wall-based, and strain-coupled devices.