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Related Concept Videos

Chromatography: Introduction01:10

Chromatography: Introduction

Chromatography is a technique used to separate compounds based on differences of partitioning between two phases, the stationary phase and the mobile phase.
The phase in which the compounds linger or on which the compounds adsorb is called the stationary phase, whereas the mobile phase is the solvent that carries the solutes to be analyzed. In traditional column chromatography, the mixture flows through the stationary phase, and the compounds partition between the stationary and mobile phases...
Chromatographic Methods: Terminology01:18

Chromatographic Methods: Terminology

Chromatography is an analytical technique widely used in fields such as chemistry, biology, environmental science, and pharmaceuticals to separate the components of a mixture and identify substances between them. The process of chromatography is based on the interactions between two distinct phases: the stationary phase and the mobile phase. The stationary phase is fixed in place by a supporting material, while the mobile phase moves over it, carrying the solutes. As the mobile phase travels,...
Chromatographic Methods: Classification01:12

Chromatographic Methods: Classification

Chromatographic techniques are classified in three ways: the classification is based on the physical state of the stationary and mobile phases, how the mobile phase and the stationary phase contact each other, or through the chemical or physical processes that isolate the components of the sample. Typically, the mobile phase is either a liquid or gas, while the stationary phase is either a solid or a liquid layer applied to a solid surface.
Chromatographic techniques are typically named by...
Column Efficiency: Rate Theory01:12

Column Efficiency: Rate Theory

The rate theory of chromatography provides quantitative insight into the shapes and widths of elution bands. These bands are based on the random-walk mechanism governing molecular migration within a column. The Gaussian profile of chromatographic bands arises from the cumulative effect of random molecular motions as they progress through the column.
During elution, a solute molecule experiences numerous transitions between stationary and mobile phases, exhibiting irregular residence times in...
Diffusion on Chromatography Columns01:07

Diffusion on Chromatography Columns

In column chromatography, when an analyte is introduced as a narrow band at the top of the column, the solutes begin to separate and broaden, developing a Gaussian profile. This broadening occurs due to various factors, such as longitudinal diffusion.
Longitudinal diffusion occurs when the solute molecules in the mobile phase diffuse from the more concentrated center of the chromatographic band to the more dilute regions on either side, both towards and against the flow direction. This...
Analyte Adsorption and Distribution01:09

Analyte Adsorption and Distribution

In certain chromatographic separations, solutes transfer between the mobile phase and the stationary phase via sorption, which typically refers to the process of adsorption. For many chromatographic systems, the sorption process often depends on the polarity of the compounds—an expression of the overall dipole moment within the molecule. During the separation process, there is competition between the solute and solvent for adsorption to the stationary phase. Highly polar compounds and solvents...

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Dynamic chromatography: A stochastic approach.

Luisa Pasti1, Alberto Cavazzini, Marianna Nassi

  • 1Department of Chemistry, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari, 46, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. l.pasti@unife.it

Journal of Chromatography. A
|November 10, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Chromatographic peak shape is analyzed for reacting analytes undergoing isomerization. This study provides a frequency domain solution for understanding how reaction kinetics and retention time impact peak characteristics.

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Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Chemical Kinetics
  • Chromatography

Background:

  • Analyte reactions during chromatography cause band broadening and peak clusters.
  • Isomerization reactions coupled with adsorption-desorption are common in chromatographic separations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To calculate the chromatographic peak shape for reacting analytes.
  • To analyze the impact of reversible first-order isomerization kinetics on peak shape.
  • To provide closed-form solutions in the Fourier domain.

Main Methods:

  • Modeling chromatographic separation with a two-level reaction system.
  • Calculating peak shape in the frequency domain using Fourier transforms.
  • Deriving closed-form solutions for various kinetic conditions.

Main Results:

  • Developed frequency domain solutions for chromatographic peak shape with isomerization.
  • Identified the influence of kinetics rate constants and retention time on peak shape.
  • Exploited limit solutions for slow and moderately fast kinetics.

Conclusions:

  • The study offers a theoretical framework for understanding peak shape in reactive chromatography.
  • The derived solutions enable better prediction and control of chromatographic separations involving isomerization.
  • This work is crucial for optimizing separation processes for reacting compounds.