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Updated: Jul 8, 2026

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Combined In vivo Optical and µCT Imaging to Monitor Infection, Inflammation, and Bone Anatomy in an Orthopaedic Implant Infection in Mice
Published on: October 16, 2014
Evidence-based PET in musculoskeletal infectious and inflammatory diseases
Francesco Dondi1, Jules T Zhang-Yin2,3, Pietro Bellini4
1Department of Nuclear Medicine, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy - francesco.dondi@unibs.it.
Summary
[18F]FDG PET/CT shows high accuracy for diagnosing bone and joint infections and inflammatory conditions. This imaging technique aids in treatment decisions and patient management, despite some limitations in specificity.
Area of Science:
- Nuclear Medicine
- Radiology
- Musculoskeletal Imaging
Background:
- [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose ([18F]FDG) PET/CT visualizes metabolic activity in infections and inflammation.
- Osteoarticular conditions like prosthetic joint infection (PJI), diabetic foot infection (DFI), spondylodiscitis (SD), osteomyelitis (OM), and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) pose diagnostic challenges.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review and analyze the diagnostic performance of [18F]FDG PET/CT in major osteoarticular conditions.
- To assess the clinical impact of [18F]FDG PET/CT in managing these conditions.
Main Methods:
- A comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Embase up to October 1, 2025.
- PRISMA 2020 guidelines were followed, including original clinical studies on [18F]FDG PET/CT for musculoskeletal infections and inflammation.
Main Results:
- Seventy studies were included. [18F]FDG PET/CT demonstrated high sensitivity and NPV, outperforming conventional imaging in complex cases.
- Whole-body imaging detected occult infectious foci. SUVmax correlated with disease activity. Moderate specificity due to inflammation and protocol variability were noted limitations.
Conclusions:
- [18F]FDG PET/CT is a reliable and versatile tool for musculoskeletal infections and inflammatory disorders.
- Integration into diagnostic workflows enhances confidence and guides therapy, but standardization and further studies are needed.