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Updated: Jun 18, 2026

Application of Long-term cultured Interferon-γ Enzyme-linked Immunospot Assay for Assessing Effector and Memory T Cell Responses in Cattle
Published on: July 11, 2015
Immune memory: the basics and how to trigger an efficient long-term immune memory
1The University of Oxford, Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3SY, UK. peter.beverley@ndm.ox.ac.uk
Abstract:
Immunological memory consists of expanded clones of T and B lymphocytes that show an increased rate of cell division and shortened telomeres compared with naïve cells. However, exhaustion of clones is delayed by kinetic heterogeneity within clones and altered survival and up-regulation of telomerase. Prolonged maintenance of protective B-cell immunity is T-cell dependent and requires a balance between plasma cells and memory B cells. Protective T-cell immunity also requires correct quality of T cells and that they are located appropriately.
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