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Related Concept Videos

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...

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Trophoblast Cell Recovery from Angiogenesis-Tube Formation Assay for Differentiation Marker Expression Analysis
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CD31+ T cells represent a functionally distinct vascular T cell phenotype.

Erich J Kushner1, Owen J MacEneaney, Richard G Morgan

  • 1Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.

Blood Cells, Molecules & Diseases
|November 10, 2009
PubMed
Summary

CD3(+)/CD31(+) T cells show enhanced migration and angiogenic potential compared to CD3(+)/CD31(-) cells. However, CD3(+)/CD31(+) cells are more prone to apoptosis, influencing their cardiovascular roles.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cardiovascular Biology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • CD3(+)/CD31(+) cells contribute to endothelial repair and revascularization.
  • Limited data exists on functional differences between CD3(+)/CD31(+) and CD3(+)/CD31(-) cells.
  • Understanding these differences is crucial for their divergent cardiovascular effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize functional differences between CD3(+)/CD31(+) and CD3(+)/CD31(-) cells.
  • To compare migratory capacity, proangiogenic cytokine release, and apoptotic susceptibility.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms behind their distinct cardiovascular functions.

Main Methods:

  • Isolation of human CD3(+)/CD31(+) and CD3(+)/CD31(-) cells from peripheral blood using magnetic-activated cell sorting.
  • Assessment of cell migration towards SDF-1alpha and VEGF chemokines.
  • Quantification of angiogenic cytokine (G-CSF, IL-8, MMP-9) release and apoptotic markers (caspase-3, cytochrome-c).

Main Results:

  • CD3(+)/CD31(+) cells exhibited significantly higher migratory capacity (approx. 60%) towards SDF-1alpha and VEGF compared to CD3(+)/CD31(-) cells.
  • Release of angiogenic cytokines (G-CSF, IL-8, MMP-9) was approximately 100% higher in CD3(+)/CD31(+) cells.
  • CD3(+)/CD31(+) cells showed significantly higher intracellular concentrations of active caspase-3 and cytochrome-c, indicating increased susceptibility to apoptosis.

Conclusions:

  • CD3(+)/CD31(+) cells possess enhanced migratory and angiogenic cytokine release capabilities.
  • These cells are more susceptible to apoptosis than CD3(+)/CD31(-) cells.
  • The superior migratory and angiogenic properties of CD3(+)/CD31(+) cells likely contribute to their vasculogenic potential.