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Related Concept Videos

Role of Skin in Vitamin D Synthesis01:23

Role of Skin in Vitamin D Synthesis

The skin plays a crucial role in the synthesis of vitamin D, a vital nutrient for various physiological processes in the body. Vitamin D is unique because it can be synthesized in the skin through a series of chemical reactions triggered by exposure to ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation from sunlight.
The solar UV B rays (290-315 nm) are absorbed by the skin, and 7-dehydrocholesterol (provitamin D3) photolyzes it to previtamin D3, which undergoes a rapid transformation to vitamin D3(cholecalciferol).
Connective Tissue Cell Types01:22

Connective Tissue Cell Types

Connective tissue develops from the mesoderm of a developing embryo and consists of cells, fibers, and ground substance: a gel-like material containing large complexes of carbohydrates and proteins. Connective tissue was first identified as a separate tissue family in the 18th century, and Johannes Peter Muller coined the term connective tissue.
Fat cells (adipocytes), smooth muscle cells (myoblasts), and bone cells (osteoblasts) are some connective tissue cell types. Some immune system cells...
Role of Vitamins in Maintaining Bone Health01:25

Role of Vitamins in Maintaining Bone Health

The growth and maintenance of bone are regulated by a combination of nutritional factors, including vitamins, such as vitamin A, B12, C, D, and K.
Vitamin A
Vitamin A is involved in the process of bone remodeling. Retinoic acid, the active metabolite of Vitamin A, has nuclear receptors in osteoblasts and osteoclasts, which are involved in bone remodeling.
Vitamin B12
Vitamin B12 acts as a cofactor during the formation of osteoblast-related proteins, such as osteocalcin. Vitamin B12 plays a role...
Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction01:19

Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that affects the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves. It is an inflammatory demyelinating disorder and a leading cause of neurological disability in young adults.EpidemiologyMS commonly begins between 20 and 40 years of age and is twice as common in women. Its exact cause remains unclear, but genetic susceptibility contributes, with higher risk in first-degree relatives and identical twins. A greater...
Vitamins01:30

Vitamins

Vitamins, derived from the Latin word for life, are essential organic substances required in small quantities for optimal growth and overall well-being. Unlike other organic nutrients, vitamins don't act as sources of energy or building materials but rather facilitate these nutrients' utilization by the body. Vitamins are predominantly coenzymes, assisting enzymes in specific chemical actions, like the oxidation of glucose for energy involving B vitamins. Most vitamins are not produced in our...
Dose-Response Relationship: Overview01:03

Dose-Response Relationship: Overview

Agonists can bind with and activate receptors, resulting in the formation of drug-receptor complexes. Once formed, these complexes catalyze many biochemical processes at the cellular level and subsequently induce a pharmacologic response. The degree of response is directly proportional to the fraction of activated receptors, which in turn, depends on the concentration of the drug at the receptor site as well as the sensitivity of the receptor. An increase in the administered dose contributes to...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 18, 2026

A Method of Trigonometric Modelling of Seasonal Variation Demonstrated with Multiple Sclerosis Relapse Data
10:46

A Method of Trigonometric Modelling of Seasonal Variation Demonstrated with Multiple Sclerosis Relapse Data

Published on: December 9, 2015

Vitamin D: an evidence-based review.

Teresa Kulie1, Amy Groff, Jackie Redmer

  • 1Department of Family Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53715, USA.

Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine : JABFM
|November 10, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Vitamin D is crucial for bone health and immune function. Low levels are linked to increased mortality, cancer, autoimmune diseases, and falls, yet screening and treatment guidelines are lacking.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 18, 2026

A Method of Trigonometric Modelling of Seasonal Variation Demonstrated with Multiple Sclerosis Relapse Data
10:46

A Method of Trigonometric Modelling of Seasonal Variation Demonstrated with Multiple Sclerosis Relapse Data

Published on: December 9, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Nutritional Science
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Vitamin D, a fat-soluble vitamin, is vital for bone metabolism.
  • Emerging evidence suggests anti-inflammatory and immune-modulating roles.
  • Epidemiologic studies link low vitamin D to various chronic diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the multifaceted roles of vitamin D beyond bone health.
  • To highlight associations between vitamin D deficiency and disease states.
  • To address current gaps in screening and treatment recommendations.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of epidemiologic studies and clinical recommendations.
  • Analysis of associations between vitamin D status and health outcomes.
  • Examination of current guidelines for supplementation and screening.

Main Results:

  • Low vitamin D levels correlate with increased all-cause and cardiovascular mortality.
  • Associations observed with higher cancer incidence/mortality and autoimmune diseases like multiple sclerosis.
  • Vitamin D may independently increase fall risk in the elderly; supplementation guidance for infants and lactating mothers is evolving.

Conclusions:

  • Vitamin D deficiency is a significant public health concern with broad implications.
  • Further research is needed to establish clear screening protocols and effective treatment strategies.
  • Evidence supports vitamin D's role in preventing falls and managing chronic diseases.