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Related Concept Videos

Factors Affecting Perception01:25

Factors Affecting Perception

Perception is influenced by perceptual set, context, motivation, and emotion. Perceptual set, or perceptual expectancy, refers to the tendency to perceive things in a particular way, influenced by previous experiences and expectations. This phenomenon affects the interpretation of stimuli, creating a set of mental tendencies and assumptions that impact sensory perceptions of sound, taste, touch, and sight.
An illustrative example of a perceptual set is the scenario where an airline pilot told...
Perception01:28

Perception

Perception is a fundamental psychological process that enables individuals to organize, interpret, and consciously experience sensory information. This process is crucial for understanding and interacting with the world around us. It includes both bottom-up and top-down processing, each playing a distinct role in how we perceive our environment.
Bottom-up processing begins at the sensory level, where receptors detect external environmental stimuli. These could include the tactile sensation of...
Perceptual Constancy01:12

Perceptual Constancy

Perceptual constancy is the ability to recognize that objects remain consistent and unchanged even when their appearance varies due to changes in sensory input. There are four main types of perceptual constancy: size constancy, shape constancy, color constancy, and brightness constancy.
Size constancy is the recognition that an object remains the same size, even when its image on the retina changes. For instance, a bus is perceived to be large enough to carry people, even if it looks tiny from...
Subliminal Perception01:15

Subliminal Perception

Subliminal perception refers to the processing of sensory information that occurs below the level of conscious awareness. Researchers study subliminal perception by presenting a stimulus, such as a word or image, very quickly, typically around 50 milliseconds. This rapid presentation is often followed by another stimulus, such as a pattern of dots or lines, which blocks further mental processing of the initial stimulus. As a result, if participants cannot identify the initial stimulus better...
Parallel Processing01:20

Parallel Processing

The brain processes sensory information rapidly due to parallel processing, which involves sending data across multiple neural pathways at the same time. This method allows the brain to manage various sensory qualities, such as shapes, colors, movements, and locations, all concurrently. For instance, when observing a forest landscape, the brain simultaneously processes the movement of leaves, the shapes of trees, the depth between them, and the various shades of green. This enables a quick and...
Decision Making01:20

Decision Making

Decision-making is a fundamental cognitive process that involves evaluating alternatives and selecting among them. This process can range from simple choices, such as deciding what to wear, to complex decisions, like choosing a major in college or a career path. The complexity of the decision often dictates the approach we use, which can be broadly categorized into two types: automatic and controlled decision-making.
Automatic decision-making is fast, intuitive, and relies on gut feelings...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 18, 2026

Perceptual and Category Processing of the Uncanny Valley Hypothesis' Dimension of Human Likeness: Some Methodological Issues
07:34

Perceptual and Category Processing of the Uncanny Valley Hypothesis' Dimension of Human Likeness: Some Methodological Issues

Published on: June 3, 2013

Stimulus and response conflict processing during perceptual decision making.

Carter Wendelken1, Jochen Ditterich, Silvia A Bunge

  • 1University of California, Berkeley, 94720, USA. cwendelken@berkeley.edu

Cognitive, Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience
|November 10, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Navigating conflicting information is key for decision-making. This fMRI study reveals distinct brain regions, including the right inferior frontal gyrus and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, manage stimulus and response conflicts during perceptual tasks.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology

Background:

  • Effective decision-making in complex environments requires managing conflicting information.
  • Perceptual decision-making tasks, like discriminating dot-motion, are crucial for understanding cognitive processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To differentiate the neural mechanisms underlying stimulus conflict and response conflict in perceptual decision-making.
  • To investigate the roles of specific brain regions in resolving different types of conflict.

Main Methods:

  • Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was employed to observe brain activity.
  • A dot-motion discrimination task was used, manipulating stimulus conflict (via motion coherence in relevant/irrelevant dimensions) and response conflict (via competing dimensional evidence).

Main Results:

  • The right inferior frontal gyrus specifically resolved stimulus conflict.
  • The dorsal anterior cingulate cortex was sensitive to response conflict.
  • The middle temporal area responded to stimulus conflict, while the superior parietal lobe was affected by response conflict, aligning with prior monkey studies.

Conclusions:

  • Distinct neural pathways support the resolution of stimulus and response conflict during perceptual decision-making.
  • These findings elucidate the brain's mechanisms for handling conflicting information, essential for cognition and survival.