Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 18, 2026

Shrinkage of Dental Composite in Simulated Cavity Measured with Digital Image Correlation
Published on: July 21, 2014
Effects of temperature on composite resin shrinkage
Ricardo Walter1, Edward J Swift, Huma Sheikh
1Department of Operative Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7450, USA. rick_walter@dentistry.unc.edu
Objective:
To determine whether temperature affects the polymerization shrinkage of composite resin.
Method And Materials:
Volumetric shrinkage of a microfill composite was measured using a video-imaging device. The material was cooled to 4 degrees C or heated to 37 degrees C, 54 degrees C, or 68 degrees C. Room-temperature (20 degrees C) composite was used as the control. The composite was light activated using a quartz-tungsten-halogen curing device. Polymerization shrinkage was recorded at 1-minute intervals for 10 minutes after the beginning of photoinitiation. The data were subjected to ANOVA, Fisher's PLSD test, and linear regression analysis (alpha = 0.05).
Results:
Volumetric shrinkage ranged from 0.2% to 4.7%. Shrinkage of the composite at 37 degrees C was similar to that at room temperature. Preheating the composite to 54 degrees C or 68 degrees C significantly increased shrinkage. The apparent polymerization shrinkage of the refrigerated composite was significantly less than that of the control, although this might have been an artifact of the test method. Regression analysis revealed a strong correlation between temperature and volumetric shrinkage.
Conclusion:
Preheating composite to relatively high temperatures (54 degrees C or 68 degrees C) to increase its flow and adaptation causes an increase in volumetric shrinkage. At body temperature, composite shrinkage is similar to that at room temperature.
Related Concept Videos
Shrinkage in Concrete
When concrete is still in its plastic state, it can undergo a decrease in volume by about 1% of its absolute volume. This decrease is known as plastic shrinkage. It arises either...
Drying Shrinkage
A portion of this drying shrinkage can be reversed; if the concrete is...
Hot Weather Concreting
Mitigating the heat increase in concrete can be economically achieved by shading aggregate stockpiles to prevent heating from solar radiation,...
Effect of Temperature Change on Reaction Rate
Carbonation Shrinkage
The concrete's permeability is slightly reduced as calcium carbonate produced during the reaction fills its pores. Furthermore, its strength is slightly enhanced as the water released during the reaction facilitates the...
Retarders
The function of retarders is to delay the setting of concrete, and this effect can be measured using a penetration test. The retardation process involves adding...
