[Locomotion and posture disabilities in Down syndrome]

Area of Science:

• Genetics and Developmental Biology
• Orthopedics and Biomechanics
• Neurology and Movement Science

Context:

• Down syndrome is the most prevalent non-hereditary genetic disorder associated with intellectual disability.
• Individuals with Down syndrome exhibit multi-systemic pathological conditions, impacting musculoskeletal function and overall movement.
• Abnormal gait development is a persistent characteristic, evident from early childhood into adulthood.

Purpose:

• To review the specific characteristics of Down syndrome concerning lower extremity and trunk damage.
• To analyze the typical gait patterns observed in individuals with Down syndrome.
• To provide a comprehensive overview of movement abnormalities in this population.

Summary:

• Down syndrome frequently involves musculoskeletal abnormalities affecting the lower extremities and trunk.
• These structural and functional changes contribute to distinct and often impaired gait patterns.
• The review synthesizes current knowledge on how Down syndrome impacts gait mechanics throughout life.

Impact:

• Enhances understanding of Down syndrome's physical manifestations, particularly in relation to mobility.
• Informs the development of targeted interventions for gait and movement disorders in Down syndrome.
• Provides a foundation for future research into optimizing physical function and quality of life for affected individuals.