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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 3, 2026

Single-stage Dynamic Reanimation of the Smile in Irreversible Facial Paralysis by Free Functional Muscle Transfer
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Deep plane rhytidectomy and variations.

Shan R Baker1

  • 1Section of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, 1904 Taubman Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5312, USA. shanb@med.umich.edu

Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America
|November 11, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Facial rejuvenation through rhytidectomy has advanced, offering natural, youthful results by lifting the forehead, midface, and lower face. Combining these techniques with fat grafting enhances facial harmony and volume for optimal outcomes.

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Area of Science:

  • Plastic Surgery
  • Facial Rejuvenation Techniques

Background:

  • Significant advancements in rhytidectomy techniques over the past two decades.
  • Increased focus on achieving natural and youthful facial restoration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the improvements in surgical results for rhytidectomy.
  • To highlight the benefits of combined forehead, midface, and lower face lifting.
  • To discuss the role of autogenous fat injections in facial volume restoration.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive lifting of the forehead, midface, and lower face.
  • Dissection beneath the superficial musculoaponeurotic system for lower cheek rejuvenation.
  • Creation of an advancement flap for lower cheek lifting.
  • Posterosuperior lifting of midface cheek fat.

Main Results:

  • More natural and youthful restoration of facial appearance.
  • Harmonious balance between the upper and lower portions of the face.
  • Improved outcomes compared to previous techniques lacking mid-facelifting.

Conclusions:

  • Optimal facelifting results are achieved through a combined approach.
  • Rejuvenation of the lower cheek via superficial musculoaponeurotic system dissection and advancement flap creation is crucial.
  • Integrating midface fat lifting enhances overall facial rejuvenation.