Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 18, 2026

Quasistatic Mechanical Testing for Computer-Aided Design and Manufacturing Occlusal Veneers Cemented to Milled Dentin Analog Material
Published on: December 20, 2024
Fatigue limits for composite restorations with and without glass ionomer cement liners
Claudine Pereira Assis1, Marcos Ribeiro Moyses, Hercilia Marburg Teixeira
1Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental School of Tres Coracoes, Vale do Rio Verde University, UNINCOR, MG, Brazil.
Abstract:
This laboratory study compared the flexural endurance limits of clinical combinations of dental composite with and without glass ionomer cement (GIC) liners. Using only composite (Filtek Z350), specimens (10 mm long x 2 mm wide x 2 mm thick) in the control group were produced. Two GICs (Vitremer and Vitrebond) were used with the composite to prepare the test groups. Flexural strength and flexural fatigue limit (FFL) tests were performed. The FFL was determined using the staircase method. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey's test. There was a significant difference in flexural strength values between the composite-only specimens and those produced by composite and GIC (p < 0.05). No statistical difference was observed in the flexural strength values between composite with Vitremer and composite with Vitrebond (p < 0.05). No statistically significant differences were detected in FFL values between composite with Vitremer and composite with Vitrebond; in addition, the mean value of the composite-only specimens differed statistically from those of both composite with Vitremer and composite with Vitrebond (p < 0.05). The FFL was lower than the flexural strength, indicating a decrease in flexural strength of 45 to 50%. Using GICs with composite decreased the mechanical properties (FFL and flexural strength) of the composite.
Related Concept Videos
Fatigue Strength of Concrete
Fatigue
Strength of Cement
For compressive strength tests, ASTM C 109-05 standards prescribe a cement-sand mix ratio of 1:2.75 and a water/cement ratio of 0.485 for making 2-inch cubes. These cubes are mixed, cast, and cured in saturated lime water at 23°C until testing. Flexural strength testing, outlined in ASTM C...
Fiber Reinforced Concrete