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Towards universal newborn screening in developing countries: obstacles and the way forward.

Carmencita David Padilla1

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of the Philippines Manila, Philippines. carmencita.padilla@gmail.com

Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore
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Newborn screening programs identify infants with genetic, metabolic, or infectious conditions early. Implementing these vital public health initiatives in developing nations requires government commitment and resources to reduce infant mortality and disability.

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Genetics
  • Neonatal Medicine

Background:

  • Newborn screening is a critical public health program for early detection of genetic, metabolic, and infectious conditions in infants.
  • Timely intervention based on newborn screening significantly reduces infant morbidity, mortality, and long-term disabilities.
  • Developing countries face challenges in establishing sustainable newborn screening programs due to competing health priorities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the historical evolution of newborn screening across four eras in the Asia Pacific region.
  • To identify key enabling factors crucial for the successful implementation of national newborn screening programs.
  • To highlight obstacles hindering the establishment and sustainability of newborn screening in developing countries.

Main Methods:

  • Historical review of newborn screening initiatives in the Asia Pacific.
  • Analysis of factors contributing to successful program implementation.
  • Identification of challenges and barriers in developing country contexts.

Main Results:

  • Successful newborn screening programs depend on government prioritization, adequate funding, public acceptance, and healthcare professional cooperation.
  • The Asia Pacific region has experienced distinct phases in the development of newborn screening.
  • Developing countries must overcome resource limitations and integrate screening into existing health infrastructures.

Conclusions:

  • Despite challenges, newborn screening is imperative for developing countries to prevent infant mortality, intellectual disability, and other complications.
  • Strategic planning, government commitment, and international collaboration are essential for expanding newborn screening globally.
  • Addressing obstacles is key to ensuring equitable access to the benefits of newborn screening for all infants.