Towards universal newborn screening in developing countries: obstacles and the way forward

Area of Science:

• Public Health
• Genetics
• Neonatal Medicine

Background:

• Newborn screening is a critical public health program for early detection of genetic, metabolic, and infectious conditions in infants.
• Timely intervention based on newborn screening significantly reduces infant morbidity, mortality, and long-term disabilities.
• Developing countries face challenges in establishing sustainable newborn screening programs due to competing health priorities.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the historical evolution of newborn screening across four eras in the Asia Pacific region.
• To identify key enabling factors crucial for the successful implementation of national newborn screening programs.
• To highlight obstacles hindering the establishment and sustainability of newborn screening in developing countries.

Main Methods:

• Historical review of newborn screening initiatives in the Asia Pacific.
• Analysis of factors contributing to successful program implementation.
• Identification of challenges and barriers in developing country contexts.

Main Results:

• Successful newborn screening programs depend on government prioritization, adequate funding, public acceptance, and healthcare professional cooperation.
• The Asia Pacific region has experienced distinct phases in the development of newborn screening.
• Developing countries must overcome resource limitations and integrate screening into existing health infrastructures.

Conclusions:

• Despite challenges, newborn screening is imperative for developing countries to prevent infant mortality, intellectual disability, and other complications.
• Strategic planning, government commitment, and international collaboration are essential for expanding newborn screening globally.
• Addressing obstacles is key to ensuring equitable access to the benefits of newborn screening for all infants.