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Autoimmune Disorders

Autoimmune Disorders

Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune system...

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Nephrons

The kidneys are intricate organs with millions of working units known as nephrons. Each nephron features two major structures: the renal corpuscle, which facilitates blood plasma filtration, and the renal tubule, which handles the glomerular filtrate. Blood supply is directly linked to the nephrons. The renal corpuscle consists of the glomerulus, a capillary network, and the Bowman's capsule, a double-walled epithelial structure that encases the glomerulus. The filtering of blood plasma happens...

Renal Corpuscle

Renal Corpuscle

The glomerulus and Bowman's capsule are two essential components of the nephron, which is the functional unit of the kidney. These microscopic structures play a critical role in the process of blood filtration to produce urine.
Glomerulus: Structure and Function
The glomerulus is a tiny, intricate network of capillaries located at the beginning of the nephron. It's enveloped by the Bowman's capsule and receives its blood supply from an afferent arteriole, which divides into numerous capillaries...

Acute Kidney Injury II: Pathophysiology

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Acute kidney injury (AKI) causes are categorized into three primary categories based on the location of the injury: prerenal, intrarenal (or intrinsic), and postrenal causes. This classification guides clinical management and illustrates how different pathways can impair kidney function.Etiology and Pathophysiology of Acute Kidney Injury1. Prerenal causesEtiology: Prerenal Acute Kidney Injury, the most common type, occurs when reduced blood flow to the kidneys decreases filtration capacity...

Chronic Kidney Disease I: Introduction

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Updated: Jun 18, 2026

Murine Bilateral Renal Lymphadenectomy

Murine Bilateral Renal Lymphadenectomy

Published on: December 30, 2025

Autoimmune kidney diseases.

Mårten Segelmark¹, Thomas Hellmark

¹Section of Nephrology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Sweden.

Autoimmunity Reviews

|November 13, 2009

Summary

Glomerulonephritis, a common cause of kidney failure, involves immune system attacks on the glomeruli. This review examines four types: anti-GBM disease, IgA nephritis, membranous nephropathy, and membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis.

Area of Science:

Nephrology
Immunology
Pathology

Background:

Glomerulonephritis is the second leading cause of chronic renal failure.
It is characterized by inflammation of the glomeruli, the kidney's filtering units.
Immune mechanisms play a crucial role in its pathogenesis.

Purpose of the Study:

To review four distinct forms of primary glomerulonephritis.
To discuss the autoimmune targets and immune mechanisms involved.
To highlight epidemiological variations and contributing factors.

Main Methods:

Literature review focusing on primary glomerulonephritis.
Analysis of autoantibody targets within glomeruli and immune system components.
Examination of epidemiological data and influencing factors.

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Analyses of Proteinuria, Renal Infiltration of Leukocytes, and Renal Deposition of Proteins in Lupus-prone MRL/lpr Mice

Published on: June 8, 2022

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Last Updated: Jun 18, 2026

Murine Bilateral Renal Lymphadenectomy

Murine Bilateral Renal Lymphadenectomy

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Analyses of Proteinuria, Renal Infiltration of Leukocytes, and Renal Deposition of Proteins in Lupus-prone MRL/lpr Mice

Analyses of Proteinuria, Renal Infiltration of Leukocytes, and Renal Deposition of Proteins in Lupus-prone MRL/lpr Mice

Published on: June 8, 2022

Main Results:

Four glomerulonephritis types reviewed: anti-GBM disease, IgA nephritis, membranous nephropathy, and membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis.
Autoantibodies target glomerular basement membrane, podocytes, C3 convertase, or IgA.
Significant international and temporal variations in incidence rates observed.

Conclusions:

Immune mechanisms are central to glomerulonephritis pathogenesis.
Genetic and infectious factors appear to influence disease incidence.
Further research is needed to clarify the role of environmental factors.