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Related Concept Videos

Nucleosome Remodeling02:54

Nucleosome Remodeling

Nucleosomes are the basic units of chromatin compaction. Each nucleosome consists of the DNA bound tightly around a histone core, which makes the DNA inaccessible to DNA binding proteins such as DNA polymerase and RNA polymerase. Hence, the fundamental problem is to ensure access to DNA when appropriate, despite the compact and protective chromatin structure.
Nucleosome remodeling complex
Eukaryotic cells have specialized enzymes called ATP-dependent nucleosome remodeling enzymes. These enzymes...
Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells01:32

Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells

Chromatin modification alters gene expression; therefore, scientists can add histone-modifying enzymes, histone variants, and chromatin remodeling complexes to somatic cells to aid reprogramming into pluripotent stem (iPS) cells.
Compact chromatin makes reprogramming difficult. Enzymes, such as histone demethylases and acetyltransferases, are often added during reprogramming to loosen the chromatin, making the DNA more accessible to transcription factors. Molecules that inhibit histone...
Spreading of Chromatin Modifications02:25

Spreading of Chromatin Modifications

The histone proteins in the nucleosomes are post-translationally modified (PTM) to increase or decrease access to DNA. The commonly observed PTMs are methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination of lysine amino acids in the histone H3 tail region. These histone modifications have specific meaning for the cell. Hence, they are called "histone code". The protein complex involved in histone modification is termed as "reader-writer" complex.
Writers
The writer is an enzyme that can...
Heterochromatin02:38

Heterochromatin

The extent of chromatin compaction can be studied by staining chromatin using specific DNA binding dyes. Under the microscope, the dense-compacted regions that take up more dye are called heterochromatin. Heterochromatin is further classified into two forms – constitutive heterochromatin and facultative heterochromatin.
Constitutive heterochromatin: It is a highly compact region of chromatin that is mostly concentrated in the centromere and telomere. Unlike euchromatin, the amino acid at 9th...
Heterochromatin02:38

Heterochromatin

The extent of chromatin compaction can be studied by staining chromatin using specific DNA binding dyes. Under the microscope, the dense-compacted regions that take up more dye are called heterochromatin. Heterochromatin is further classified into two forms – constitutive heterochromatin and facultative heterochromatin.
Constitutive heterochromatin: It is a highly compact region of chromatin that is mostly concentrated in the centromere and telomere. Unlike euchromatin, the amino acid at 9th...
Duplication of Chromatin Structure02:05

Duplication of Chromatin Structure

The process of chromosome duplication during cell division requires genome-wide disruption and re-assembly of chromatin. The chromatin structure must be accurately inherited, reassembled, and maintained in the daughter cells to ensure lineage propagation.
The basic unit of the chromatin is the nucleosome, consisting of DNA wrapped around octameric histone proteins and short stretches of linker DNA separating individual nucleosomes. The histone proteins within the nucleosome have their...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 18, 2026

Generation and Purification of Human INO80 Chromatin Remodeling Complexes and Subcomplexes
08:44

Generation and Purification of Human INO80 Chromatin Remodeling Complexes and Subcomplexes

Published on: October 23, 2014

Divergent human remodeling complexes remove nucleosomes from strong positioning sequences.

Chuong D Pham1, Xi He, Gavin R Schnitzler

  • 1Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111, USA.

Nucleic Acids Research
|November 13, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Chromatin remodeling complexes, including SWI/SNF, reposition nucleosomes on DNA. Five different remodelers showed similar specificity, reducing nucleosome occupancy at DNA sequences, suggesting a conserved mechanism.

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Last Updated: Jun 18, 2026

Generation and Purification of Human INO80 Chromatin Remodeling Complexes and Subcomplexes
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Deciphering Molecular Mechanism of Histone Assembly by DNA Curtain Technique
06:32

Deciphering Molecular Mechanism of Histone Assembly by DNA Curtain Technique

Published on: March 9, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Epigenetics
  • Chromatin Dynamics

Background:

  • Nucleosome positioning is crucial for DNA accessibility and nuclear processes.
  • Nucleosome placement is influenced by DNA sequence affinity for histones.
  • ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complexes can alter nucleosome positions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the nucleosome repositioning specificity of five different chromatin remodelers.
  • To investigate the sequence-specific remodeling activity of hSWI/SNF, SNF2h, hACF, CHRAC, and WICH complexes.
  • To understand the role of conserved remodeling specificity in diverse biological functions.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized five distinct ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complexes.
  • Employed 5S rDNA, MMTV, and 601 nucleosome positioning sequences (NPSes) as polynucleosomal templates.
  • Analyzed nucleosome occupancy and distribution after remodeling.

Main Results:

  • All five remodelers reduced nucleosome occupancy at strong NPSes.
  • The observed effect may contribute to WICH-mediated activation of 5S rDNA transcription.
  • Despite functional diversity, the remodelers exhibited surprisingly similar nucleosome distributions.

Conclusions:

  • Chromatin remodelers share a conserved nucleosome repositioning specificity.
  • Divergent biological functions of remodelers likely stem from complex-specific subunits.
  • This conserved specificity suggests a fundamental mechanism in chromatin regulation.