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Related Concept Videos

Diversity of Antigen Receptors01:28

Diversity of Antigen Receptors

Antigen receptors are essential components of the immune system crucial in defending the body against foreign invaders. These receptors are present on the surface of B and T cells, enabling them to recognize antigens and mount an appropriate immune response.
Before encountering any antigen, lymphocytes express these receptors. On B cells, the antigen receptor is a membrane-bound antibody molecule called BCR; on T cells, it is a T cell receptor or TCR. B and T cell receptors are composed of two...
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Multiprotein signaling complexes are formed in a dynamic process involving protein-protein interactions at the cytoplasmic domain of transmembrane receptors or enzymatic and non-enzymatic proteins associated with the receptor. These complexes ensure the activation and propagation of intracellular signals that regulate cell functions.
Interaction domains in cell signaling
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The TGF-β signaling pathway regulates cell growth, differentiation, adhesion, motility, and development. TGF-β ligands that induce TGF-β signaling are synthesized in their latent form. Several proteases or cell surface receptors such as integrins act upon the latent form, releasing the active ligand. There are three types of mammalian TGF-βs: (TGF-β1, TGF-β2, and TGF-β3) that bind as homodimers or heterodimers to TGF-β receptors. The TGF-β receptors are of three kinds RI, RII, and RIII. The RI...
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Plant cells communicate to coordinate their cycle of growth, flowering and fruiting, and activities in roots, shoots, and leaves in response to the changing environmental conditions. Plant signaling is distinct from animal signaling. Plants primarily utilize enzyme-linked receptors, whereas the largest class of cell-surface receptors in animals are G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). Unlike animals, receptor tyrosine kinases are rare in plants. Instead, plants have a diverse class of...
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T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
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A High-content Imaging Workflow to Study Grb2 Signaling Complexes by Expression Cloning
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Published on: October 30, 2012

Grb2, a simple adapter with complex roles in lymphocyte development, function, and signaling.

Ihn Kyung Jang1, Jinping Zhang, Hua Gu

  • 1Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA.

Immunological Reviews
|November 14, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Growth factor adapter Grb2 plays a complex role in T and B-cell antigen receptor signaling, influencing lymphocyte development and activation. Recent studies reveal its intricate involvement in these crucial immune processes.

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Last Updated: Jun 18, 2026

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Published on: October 30, 2012

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Signaling

Background:

  • Lymphocyte development, activation, and tolerance rely on antigen receptor signaling.
  • Intracellular signalosomes, assembled by adapter proteins, mediate this signaling.
  • The role of Grb2 (Growth factor receptor-bound protein 2) in antigen receptor signaling is a recent area of investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent findings on the physiological role of Grb2 in T and B-cell development and activation.
  • To summarize the current mechanistic understanding of Grb2 function in antigen receptor signaling.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent experimental findings.
  • Analysis of Grb2's role in T-cell and B-cell antigen receptor signaling pathways.

Main Results:

  • Grb2, a known growth factor receptor adapter, has emerged as a key player in T and B-cell antigen receptor signaling.
  • Despite its simple structure, Grb2 exhibits complex regulatory functions in lymphocyte signaling.
  • Recent experiments highlight Grb2's involvement in both lymphocyte development and activation.

Conclusions:

  • Grb2 plays a significant, albeit complex, role in T and B-cell antigen receptor signaling.
  • Understanding Grb2's mechanisms is crucial for comprehending lymphocyte homeostasis and immune responses.
  • Further research into Grb2's interactions can reveal new therapeutic targets for immune-related disorders.